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Authors
Wang, Wenliang
Hariharan, Manoj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5372
Ding, Wubin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5355-7561
Bartlett, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-4033
Barragan, Cesar
Castanon, Rosa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-002X
Wang, Ruoxuan
Rothenberg, Vince
Song, Haili
Nery, Joseph R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-5659
Aldridge, Andrew
Altshul, Jordan
Kenworthy, Mia
Liu, Hanqing
Tian, Wei
Zhou, Jingtian
Zeng, Qiurui
Chen, Huaming https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-7882
Wei, Bei
Gündüz, Irem B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-0916
Norell, Todd
Broderick, Timothy J.
McClain, Micah T.
Satterwhite, Lisa L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-2353
Burke, Thomas W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-5822
Petzold, Elizabeth A.
Shen, Xiling
Woods, Christopher W.
Fowler, Vance G. Jr.
Ruffin, Felicia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-6462
Panuwet, Parinya
Barr, Dana B.
Beare, Jennifer L.
Smith, Anthony K.
Spurbeck, Rachel R.
Vangeti, Sindhu
Ramos, Irene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-0120
Nudelman, German
Sealfon, Stuart C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-1217
Castellino, Flora
Walley, Anna Maria
Evans, Thomas
Müller, Fabian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-2321
Greenleaf, William J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-3095
Ecker, Joseph R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-5895
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (W911NF-19-2-0185)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (P50-HG007735)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (UM1-HG009442)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (UM1-HG009436)
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Competing interests
: An application for a patent based on the results of this work has been filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) under application US 63/489,546. J.R.E. is a scientific advisor for Zymo Research Inc. and Ionis Pharmaceuticals. W.J.G. is named as an inventor on patents describing ATAC–seq methods. 10x Genomics has licensed intellectual property on which W.J.G. is listed as an inventor. W.J.G. holds options in 10x Genomics and is a consultant for Ultima Genomics and Guardant Health. W.J.G. is a scientific cofounder of Protillion Biosciences. V.G.F. reports personal fees from Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines, MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics, C3J, Armata, Valanbio, Akagera and Aridis, Roche; grants from NIH, MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck, Medical Biosurfaces, Locus, Affinergy, Contrafect, Karius, Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea and Janssen; royalties from UpToDate; stock options from Valanbio and ArcBio; honoraria from Infectious Diseases of America for service as Associate Editor of Clinical Infectious Diseases; and a patent for sepsis diagnostics pending. S.C.S. is the scientific founder and serves as Chief Scientific Officer of GNOMX. This article was prepared while I.R. was employed at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. The opinions expressed in this article are the authors’ own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services or the United States government. The other authors declare no competing interests.
