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Authors
Hop, Paul J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-7436
Kooyman, Maarten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9023-5617
Kenna, Brendan J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7591-2221
Zwamborn, Ramona A. J.
van Eijk, Kristel R.
Wang, Yan
van Dijk, Charlotte H. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2503-0038
Bekema, Erwin
van Rheenen, Wouter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-1533
Beele, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0478-0836
van Vugt, Joke J. F. A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-4004
,
Van Damme, Philip
van den Berg, Leonard H.
de Carvalho, Mamede
,
,
Smith, Bradley N.
,
Khleifat, Ahmad Al https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7406-9831
Iacoangeli, Alfredo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-5017
Cooper-Knock, Johnathan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-8689
Smith, Bradley N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-2453
Topp, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5200-3284
van der Kooi, Anneke J.
Fominykh, Vera https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5490-2390
Drory, Vivian
Lerner, Yossef
Shovman, Yehuda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-7695
Rowe, Dominic B.
Williams, Kelly L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-9473
McLaughlin, Russell L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3915-2135
Hurt, Jessica
Huang, Yunfeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2120-3328
Chen, Chia-Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-5597
Tsai, Ellen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5625-1189
Runz, Heiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-7345
Aronica, Eleonora https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3542-3770
Groen, Ewout J. N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-9444
van Es, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-5883
Pasterkamp, R. Jeroen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1631-6440
Farhan, Sali M. K.
Garton, Fleur C.
McRae, Allan F.
McCombe, Pamela A.
Henderson, Robert D.
Fan, Dongsheng
Šlachtová, Lenka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-728X
Høyer, Helle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5445-0520
Nishimura, Agnes L.
Cauchi, Ruben J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6150-1608
Brylev, Lev
Rogelj, Boris https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-1943
Koritnik, Blaž https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-8261
Zidar, Janez
Salas, Teresa
Mora Pardina, Jesus S.
Gotkine, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-6232
Povedano, Monica
Corcia, Philippe
Vourc’h, Patrick
Couratier, Philippe
Weber, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-9274
Kiernan, Matthew C.
Pamphlett, Roger
Blair, Ian P.
de Carvalho, Mamede https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7556-0158
Başak, Nazli A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-2517
Ingre, Caroline
Andersen, Peter M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0094-5429
Zinman, Lorne
Rogaeva, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-0329
MacKenzie, Ian R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-2972
Dupre, Nicolas
Rouleau, Guy A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-1418
Traynor, Bryan J.
Ticozzi, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-7426
Chiò, Adriano
Silani, Vincenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7698-3854
Hardiman, Orla
Phatnani, Hemali
Harms, Matthew B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3395-1633
Dalgard, Clifton L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-8239
Glass, Jonathan D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3295-4971
Landers, John E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-5043
Van Damme, Philip https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-2357
Morrison, Karen E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5717
Shaw, Pamela J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8925-2567
Shaw, Chris E.
Al-Chalabi, Ammar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-7712
van den Berg, Leonard H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-3965
Kenna, Kevin P. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2712-7218
Veldink, Jan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5572-9657
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (19-SI-459)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Association (ZonMW-VIDI 91719350)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (ZonMW-VIDI 91719350)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 22 January 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Competing interests
: J.H., Y.H., C.-Y.C., E.A.T. and H.R. are current or previous employees of Biogen. P.M.A. has served on advisory boards for Biogen, Regeneron, uniQure, Orphazyme A/S and Mitsubishi Pharma (mostly paid to institution). A.A.K. received consulting fees from the UK National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA). N.T. received compensation for consulting services from Amylyx Pharmaceutical, Biogen, Italfarmaco and Zambon Biotech SA. V.S. received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from AveXis, Cytokinetics, Italfarmaco, Liquidweb S.r.l., Novartis Pharma AG, Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Biogen and Zambon Biotech SA, receives or has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health, AriSLA and E-Rare Joint Transnational Call and is on the Editorial Board of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration , European Neurology , American Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases , Frontiers in Neurology and Exploration of Neuroprotective Therapy . P.V.D. has served in advisory boards for Biogen, CSL Behring, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Ferrer, QurAlis, Cytokinetics, argenx, UCB, Muna Therapeutics, Alector, Augustine Therapeutics, VectorY, Zambon, Amylyx, Novartis, Prilenia, Verge Genomics, Sapreme Technologies, Trace Neuroscience and NRG Therapeutics (paid to institution). P.V.D. has received speaker fees from Biogen and Amylyx (paid to institution). P.V.D. is supported by the E. von Behring Chair for Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders (paid to institution). A.A.-C. reports consultancies or advisory boards for Amylyx, Apellis, Biogen, Clene Therapeutics, Cytokinetics, GenieUs, GSK, Lilly, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, OrionPharma, Quralis, Sano Genetics, Sanofi, Voyager Therapeutics and Wave Pharmaceuticals and the following patents or patent applications: WO2024121173A1 and EP 25 306 172.5. J.H.V. reports to have sponsored research agreements with Biogen, Eli Lilly, Trace and Astra Zeneca. The other authors declare no competing interests.
