Kim, Hye In
DeBoever, Christopher
Walter, Klaudia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-0301
Kalantzis, Georgios https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-1125
Li, Chen
Mozaffari, Sahar V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8216-1670
Kundu, Kousik
Jacobs, Benjamin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6023-6010
Mohammadi-Shemirani, Pedrum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6740-7858
Musolf, Anthony M.
Davitte, Jonathan M.
Aksit, Melis A. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1163-6539
Gafton, Joseph
Catalano, Katrina A.
Dawed, Adem Y.
Graham, Robert R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7151-4277
Guo, Bin
Gupta, Namrata
Heng, Teng Hiang
Hunt, Karen A.
Iyer, Vivek
Langenberg, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344
Lassen, Frederik H.
MacArthur, Daniel G.
Maher, Eamonn R.
Maroteau, Cyrielle
Newman, William G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-4678
O’Rahilly, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-4449
Palmer, Duncan S.
Popov, Iaroslav
Siddiqui, Moneeza K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-3896
Simpson, Michael A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8539-8753
Spreckley, Marie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-2408
Wright, John
,
van Heel, David A.
del Angel, Guillermo
Petrovski, Slavé https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-961X
Holzinger, Emily R.
Maranville, Joseph C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-1573
Addis, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8455-4278
Turner, Richard M.
Estrada, Karol
Longerich, Simone
Howson, Joanna M. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0050
Jamshidi, Yalda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0151-6482
Fauman, Eric B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9739-0249
Miller, Melissa R.
Diogo, Dorothée
Trembath, Richard C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-3400
Finer, Sarah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-4653
Martin, Hilary C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4454-9084
van Heel, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0637-2265
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (220540/Z/20/A)
Wellcome Trust (220540/Z/20/A)
Wellcome Trust (220540/Z/20/A)
Wellcome Trust (224894/Z/21/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226800/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (314234/Z/24/Z)
Wellcome Trust (221782/Z/20/Z)
Wellcome Trust (220540/Z/20/A)
The Medical Sciences Doctoral Training Centre at the University of Oxford
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR203312)
Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Competing interests
: H.I.K., M.A.A., E.B.F. and M.R.M. are employees and/or stockholders of Pfizer. C.D., S.V.M., R.R.G. and K.E. are employees and/or stockholders of Maze Therapeutics. C. Li, K.A.C., E.R.H. and J.C.M. are employees and/or stockholders of Bristol-Myers Squibb. K.K., G.d.A. and S.P. are employees and/or stockholders of AstraZeneca. P.M.-S. and D.D. are employees and/or stockholders of Takeda. A.M.M., B.G. and S.L. are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and/or stockholders of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. J.M.D., L.A. and R.M.T. are employees and/or stockholders of GSK. A.Y.D., C.M., Y.J. and J.M.M.H. are employees and/or stockholders of Novo Nordisk. W.G.N. is an employee of Fava Health. The other authors declare no competing interests.