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Authors
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Bellenguez, Céline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-7874
Castillo Morales, Atahualpa
Amin, Najaf https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-1771
van der Lee, Sven J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-8643
Muntaner, Manon
Parveen, Kayenat
Küçükali, Fahri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3835-9639
Grenier-Boley, Benjamin
Heikkinen, Sami https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6083-2402
de Rojas, Itziar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-381X
Dalmasso, Maria Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4901-9955
Kleineidam, Luca
Peters, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0568-2998
Schneider, Anja
Dichgans, Martin
Rujescu, Dan
Scherbaum, Norbert
Deckert, Jürgen
Riedel-Heller, Steffi
Hausner, Lucrezia
Molina-Porcel, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-8578
Düzel, Emrah
Grimmer, Timo
Wiltfang, Jens
Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie
Moebus, Susanne
Schmid, Matthias
Tegos, Thomas
Scarmeas, Nikolaos
Dols-Icardo, Oriol
Moreno, Fermin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-3164
Pérez-Tur, Jordi
Bullido, María J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-1117
Pastor, Pau https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-8777
Sánchez-Valle, Raquel
Álvarez, Victoria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1916-2523
Boada, Mercè https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-3009
García-González, Pablo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0125-5403
Puerta, Raquel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1191-5893
Mir, Pablo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-302X
Real, Luis M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-7429
Piñol-Ripoll, Gerard
García-Alberca, Jose María https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2951-6644
Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Eloy
Soininen, Hilkka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-9937
de Mendonça, Alexandre
Mehrabian, Shima
Hort, Jakub
Vyhnalek, Martin
Sandau, Nicolai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1941-097X
Luo, Jiao
Thomassen, Jesper Qvist
Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L.
van der Flier, Wiesje
Seelaar, Harro
Ramakers, Inez
Papma, Janne
Hulsman, Marc
Biessels, Gert-Jan
Graff, Caroline
Thonberg, Hakan
Ullgren, Abbe
Papenberg, Goran
Giedraitis, Vilmantas
Löwenmark, Malin
Kilander, Lena
Williams, Julie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4069-0259
Holmans, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-9412
Le Borgne, Julie
Palmal, Sagnik
Nicolas, Aude
Amouyel, Philippe
Boland, Anne
Deleuze, Jean-François
Nicolas, Gael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-7800
Dufouil, Carole https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2442-4476
Pasquier, Florence
Hanon, Olivier
Debette, Stéphanie
Grünblatt, Edna
Popp, Julius
Galimberti, Daniela
Arosio, Beatrice
Mecocci, Patrizia
Solfrizzi, Vincenzo
Parnetti, Lucilla
Squassina, Alessio
Tremolizzo, Lucio
Borroni, Barbara
Wagner, Michael
Nacmias, Benedetta
Spallazzi, Marco
Seripa, Davide
Rainero, Innocenzo
Daniele, Antonio
Bossù, Paola
Masullo, Carlo
Rossi, Giacomina
Jessen, Frank
Holstege, Henne
Mather, Karen
Fernandez, M. Victoria
Kehoe, Patrick G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7542-1139
Tsolaki, Magda
van Duijn, Cornelia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9204
Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth
Ghidoni, Roberta
Sánchez-Juan, Pascual
Sleegers, Kristel
Ingelsson, Martin
Hiltunen, Mikko https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-4096
Sims, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-1199
Andreassen, Ole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568
Ruiz, Agustín https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-2495
Ramirez, Alfredo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-763X
Lambert, Jean-Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-7817
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Naj, Adam C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9621-2942
Rajabli, Farid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-7254
Benchek, Penelope
Shade, Lincoln M. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-4823
Qiao, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-0506
Kushch, Nicholas
Sha, Jin
Bazemore, Katrina
Zhu, Congcong
Lee, Wan-Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-1181
Haut, Jacob
Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L.
Wheeler, Nicholas R.
Zhao, Yi
Farrell, John J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-1572
Grunin, Michelle A.
Leung, Yuk Yee
Kuksa, Pavel P.
Li, Donghe
da Fonseca, Eder Lucio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-2858
Mez, Jesse B.
Palmer, Ellen L.
Pillai, Jagan
Sherva, Richard M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2133-1493
Song, Yeunjoo E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3731
Zhang, Xiaoling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8237-1857
Ikeuchi, Takeshi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8828-8085
Iqbal, Taha
Valladares, Otto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8055-2187
Reyes-Dumeyer, Dolly
Kuzma, Amanda B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-5420
Abner, Erin
Adams, Larry D.
Aguirre, Alyssa
Albert, Marilyn S.
Albin, Roger L.
Allen, Mariet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2685-427X
Apostolova, Liana G.
Arnold, Steven E.
Asthana, Sanjay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-6324
Atwood, Craig S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5040-1679
Auerbach, Sanford
Baldwin, Clinton T.
Barber, Robert C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-0286
Barnes, Lisa L.
Barral, Sandra
Beach, Thomas G.
Becker, James T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4425-4726
Beecham, Gary W.
Beekly, Duane
Bennett, David A.
Bertelson, John
Bird, Thomas D.
Blacker, Deborah
Boeve, Bradley F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4153-8187
Bowen, James D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4258-250X
Boxer, Adam
Brewer, James
Burns, Jeffrey M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-8954
Buxbaum, Joseph D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-8313
Cairns, Nigel J.
Cantwell, Laura B.
Cao, Chuanhai
Carlson, Christopher S.
Carlsson, Cynthia M.
Carney, Regina M.
Carrasquillo, Minerva M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3231-9134
Chesselet, Marie-Francoise
Chin, Nathaniel A.
Chui, Helena C.
Chung, Jaeyoon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-9454
Claas, Steven A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-8395
Craft, Suzanne
Crane, Paul K.
Cribbs, David H.
Crocco, Elizabeth A.
Cruchaga, Carlos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-2899
Cuccaro, Michael L.
Cullum, Munro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9706-5465
Darby, Eveleen
Davis, Barbara
De Jager, Philip L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8057-2505
DeCarli, Charles https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-2693
DeToledo, John
Dick, Malcolm
Dickson, Dennis W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-7917
Dombroski, Beth A.
Doody, Rachelle S.
Duara, Ranjan
Dumitrescu, Logan C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9782-9944
Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4436-8889
Evans, Denis A.
Faber, Kelley M.
Fairchild, Thomas J.
Fallon, Kenneth B.
Farlow, Martin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7897-5471
Fernandez-Hernandez, Victoria
Friedland, Robert P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-1843
Foroud, Tatiana M.
Frosch, Matthew P.
Fulton-Howard, Brian
Galasko, Douglas R.
Gearing, Marla
Geschwind, Daniel H.
Ghetti, Bernardino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-8019
Gilbert, John R.
Go, Rodney C. P.
Goate, Alison M.
Grabowski, Thomas J.
Graff-Radford, Neill R.
Gray, Nora E.
Growdon, John H.
Hakonarson, Hakon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7461
Hall, James
Hamilton, Ronald L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6802-1102
Harari, Oscar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-6975
Hardy, John
Head, Elizabeth
Henderson, Victor W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-9240
Hernandez, Michelle
Hohman, Timothy J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-7014
Honig, Lawrence S.
Huebinger, Ryan M.
Huentelman, Matthew J.
Hyman, Bradley T.
Hynan, Linda S.
Ibanez, Laura
Jarvik, Gail P.
Jayadev, Suman https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-9665
Jin, Lee-Way
Johnson, Kim
Johnson, Leigh
Kamboh, M. Ilyas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3453-1438
Katsumata, Yuriko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0188-8094
Katz, Mindy J.
Kauwe, John S.
Kaye, Jeffrey A.
Keene, C. Dirk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-1469
Khaleeq, Aisha
Kikuchi, Masataka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-841X
Knebl, Janice
Kowall, Neil W.
Kramer, Joel H.
Kukull, Walter A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-9014
LaFerla, Frank M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-6911
Lah, James J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-620X
Larson, Eric B.
Lerner, Alan
Leverenz, James B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-0749
Levey, Allan I. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-502X
Lieberman, Andrew P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9032-580X
Lipton, Richard B.
Logue, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9347-7892
Lopez, Oscar L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-8256
Lunetta, Kathryn L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9268-810X
Lyketsos, Constantine G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-4720
Mains, Douglas
Marson, Daniel C.
Martin, Eden R. R.
Martiniuk, Frank
Mash, Deborah C.
Masliah, Eliezer
Massman, Paul
Masurkar, Arjun
McCormick, Wayne C.
McCurry, Susan M.
McKee, Ann C.
Mesulam, Marsel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-851X
Miller, Bruce L.
Miller, Carol A.
Miller, Joshua W.
Montine, Thomas J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-2728
Monuki, Edwin S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5130-781X
Morris, John C.
Mukherjee, Shubhabrata
Myers, Amanda J.
Nguyen, Trung
Obisesan, Thomas
O’Bryant, Sid
Olichney, John M.
Palmer, Raymond
Parisi, Joseph E.
Paulson, Henry L.
Pavlik, Valory
Paydarfar, David
Perez, Victoria
Peskind, Elaine
Petersen, Ronald C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6601
Petrovitch, Helen
Polk, Marsha
Poon, Wayne W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-3968
Potter, Huntington https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4051-2516
Qu, Liming
Quiceno, Mary
Quinn, Joseph F.
Raj, Ashok
Raskind, Murray
Reiman, Eric M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-3696
Reisberg, Barry
Reisch, Joan S.
Ringman, John M.
Roberson, Erik D.
Rodriguear, Monica
Rogaeva, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-0329
Rosen, Howard J.
Rosenberg, Roger N.
Royall, Donald R.
Sabbagh, Marwan
Sadovnick, A. Dessa
Sager, Mark A.
Sano, Mary
Saykin, Andrew J.
Schneider, Julie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9482-1752
Schneider, Lon S.
Seeley, William W.
Slifer, Susan H.
Small, Scott https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4777-1502
Smith, Amanda G.
Sonnen, Joshua A.
George-Hyslop, Peter St https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0796-7209
Starks, Takiyah D.
Stern, Robert A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-077X
Stevens, Alan B.
Strittmatter, Stephen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8188-3092
Sultzer, David
Swerdlow, Russell H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-7230
Tanzi, Rudolph E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7032-1454
Tilson, Jeffrey L.
Troncoso, Juan C.
Tsuang, Debby W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4716-1894
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Vardarajan, Badri N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5560-4085
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Vinters, Harry V.
Vonsattel, Jean-Paul
Weintraub, Sandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2605-5205
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Whitehead, Patrice L.
Wijsman, Ellen M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-6669
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Williams, Benjamin
Williamson, Jennifer
Wilms, Henrik
Wingo, Thomas S.
Wisniewski, Thomas
Woltjer, Randall L.
Wright, Clinton B.
Wu, Chuang-Kuo
Younkin, Steven G.
Yu, Chang-En
Yu, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0237-8758
Zhu, Xiongwei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2092-6508
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Wang, Li-San
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Mayeux, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-9696
Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
Schellenberg, Gerard D.
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Fongang, Bernard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8161-1553
Yaqub, Amber https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8054
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Jian, Xueqiu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-6494
Mishra, Aniket https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8141-1543
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Himali, Jayandra Jung
Zare, Habil
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Launer, Lenore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-7612
Bressler, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-4772
Grabe, Hans J.
Ikram, M. Arfan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0372-8585
Psaty, Bruce M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7278-2190
Longstreth, W. T.
Sigurdsson, Sigurdur
Ghanbari, Mohsen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-7143
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Mosley, Thomas H.
Lopez, Oscar L.
van Duijn, Cornelia
Satizabal, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1115-4430
Ikram, M. Kamran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-9571
Qiong, Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-1375
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Seshadri, Sudha
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Mahoney, Rebecca
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Love, Seth
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Macías, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-790X
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Franco-Macías, Emilio
Buiza-Rueda, Dolores
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del Ser, Teodoro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9806-7083
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Muñoz-Fernandez, Carmen
Deniz-Naranjo, M. Candida
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Posthuma, Danielle https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-2365
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Wightman, Douglas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3377-4806
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Snaedal, Jon
Eyjólfsdóttir, Helga
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Reynolds, Chandra A.
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Zettergren, Anna
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Blennow, Kaj https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-4193
Zetterberg, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-4354
Moreno, Elisa https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1106-4610
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Fladby, Tormod https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-9797
Aarsland, Dag
Djurovic, Srdjan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-8061
Rongve, Arvid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-4134
Bahrami, Shahram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8179-2788
Shadrin, Alexey A.
Saltvedt, Ingvild https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-9808
Bråthen, Geir https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7983
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Competing interests
: In the EADB, EADI and Bonn cohorts, A. Squassina received speaker fees from Johnson & Johnson. L.M.-P. reported personal fees from Biogen for consulting activities outside this work. In the PGC-ALZ consortium, H.Z. has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for AbbVie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZPath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, LabCorp, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics and Wave; has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Alzecure, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Roche; and is a cofounder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside the submitted study). G.S. has received honoraria for giving lectures at symposia sponsored by Eisai and Eli Lilly, and has served on advisory boards of Eisai, Eli Lilly and Roche. K.B. has served as a consultant and on advisory boards for AbbVie, AC Immune, ALZPath, AriBio, Beckman Coulter, BioArctic, Biogen, Eisai, Lilly, Moleac, Neurimmune, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Prothena, Quanterix, Roche Diagnostics, Sanofi and Siemens Healthineers; has served at data monitoring committees for Julius Clinical and Novartis; has given lectures, produced educational materials and participated in educational programs for AC Immune, Biogen, Celdara Medical, Eisai and Roche Diagnostics; and is a cofounder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the submitted study. S.K. has served on scientific advisory boards and as a speaker and/or consultant for Roche, Eli Lilly, Geras Solutions, Optoceutics, Biogen, Eisai, Merry Life, Triolab and BioArctic, unrelated to the present study. In the CHARGE consortium, B.M.P. serves on the Steering Committee of the Yale Open Data Access Project, supported by Johnson & Johnson. In the ADGC consortium, J.A.P. has received compensation for serving as a section editor for Springer Nature and as a grant reviewer with the Department of Defense and the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong. M.S.A. is an advisor to Eli Lilly. L.G.A. receives compensation as a consultant for Biogen, Two Labs, IQVIA, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Florida Department of Health, NIH Biobank, Eli Lilly, GE Healthcare and Eisai; has received compensation for lectures and related activities from AAN, MillerMed, AiSM, and Health and Hospitality, and has received travel and meeting support from the Alzheimer’s Association. She also participates on data safety monitoring or advisory boards for IQVIA, NIA R01 , the UAB Nathan Shock Center and the New Mexico Exploratory ADRC; has received compensation for leadership roles in the Medical Science Council Alzheimer Association Greater IN Chapter, the Alzheimer Association Science Program Committee and the FDA PCNS Advisory Committee; holds stock or stock options Cassava Neurosciences and Golden Seeds; and has received materials support from AVID Pharmaceuticals, Life Molecular Imaging and Roche Diagnostics. S.E.A. has received honoraria and/or travel expenses for lectures from AbbVie, Eisai and Biogen and has served on scientific advisory boards of Cortexyme; has received consulting fees from Athira, Cassava, Cognito Therapeutics, EIP Pharma and Orthogonal Neuroscience; and has received research grant support from NIH, the Alzheimer’s Association, the Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation, AbbVie, Amylyx, EIP Pharma, Merck, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Novartis and vTv. S. Asthana reported receiving grants from the National Institute on Aging/NIH, Genentech, Merck, Toyama Chemical and Lundbeck outside the submitted study. L.L.B. has served as deputy editor for ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’ for the Alzheimer’s Association. D. Blacker is a consultant for Biogen. B.F.B. has received institutional support from LBDA; is a member of the scientific advisory boards of the Tau Consortium (supported by the Rainwater Charitable Foundation), AFTD, LBDA and GE Healthcare; is a member of the Data Safety Monitoring Board of a trial involving mesenchymal stem cells in multiple system atrophy. J.D.B. has received honoraria for serving on the scientific advisory board and speaker’s bureau of Biogen, Celgene, EMD Serono, Genentech and Novartis; has received research support from AbbVie, Alexion, Alkermes, Biogen, Celgene, Sanofi Genzyme, Genentech, Novartis and TG Therapeutics. A.L.B. has received financial support from NIH, the Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration, the Bluefield Project, the Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Regeneron, Eisai and Biogen; and has served as a paid consultant for AGTC, Alector, Amylyx, AviadoBio, Arkuda, Arrowhead, Arvinas, Eli Lilly, Genentech, LifeEdit, Merck, Modalis, Oligomerix, Oscotec, Transposon and Wave. J.M.B. is compensated as a consultant for Stage 2 Innovations and has received honoraria and travel support for speaking from AstraZeneca. J.D. Buxbaum is a consultant to BridgeBio and Rumi; holds a patent for IGF-1 in Phelan-McDermid syndrome; holds an honorary professorship from Aarhus University; receives research support from Takeda and Oryzon; and is a journal editor at Springer Nature. C. Cao has a patent pending for melatonin-insulin-THC treatment and serves as a scientific consultant for MegaNano Biotech. C.M.C. has received grants from the NIH, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Veterans Affairs; has received nonfinancial support from Amarin; has received data safety monitoring board/travel/advisory board honoraria from Alzheimer’s Association, NIH and American Federation for Aging Research Beeson Program. J.C. is currently employed as a senior scientist at Takeda Pharmaceuticals; the company did not influence the study design, analyses or interpretation of the results presented in this study. C. Cruchaga has received research support from GSK and Eisai, is a member of the advisory boards of Vivid Genomics and Circular Genomics, and owns stock. D.W.D. is an editorial board member for ‘Acta Neuropathologica’, ‘Brain’, ‘Brain Pathology’, ‘Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology’, ‘Annals of Neurology’ and ‘Neuropathology’; is an editor for the ‘International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology’ and the ‘American Journal of Neurodegenerative Disease’; and receives support from the Mangurian Foundation and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. N.E.-T. receives research support from the NIH; is a member of multiple scientific advisory boards, including the FHS Executive Committee, Cytox and the NIH TREAT-AD Consortium External Advisory Board Member; has patents pending for ‘Human monoclonal antibodies against amyloid β protein and their use as therapeutic agents’ and RNAi against targets in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy; is an editorial board member for the ‘American Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases’ and ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia’; and receives research support from the Florida Health Ed and Ethel Moore Alzheimer’s Disease Research Program and an Alzheimer’s Association Zenith Award. T.M.F. has received honoraria and travel support from the External Advisory Boards of Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers that might also be a site for the LEADS study. D.R.G. serves on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Cognition Therapeutics and Proclara Biosciences and is an editor of ‘Alzheimer’s Research and Therapy’. B.G. has consulted for Piramal Imaging. A.M.G. is a member of the scientific advisory boards/scientific research boards of Genentech and Muna Therapeutics. She has also served as a consultant for Merck. N.R.G.-R. has received royalties for an article in UpToDate and research support for multicenter studies at Eli Lilly, Biogen and AbbVie. J. Hardy is supported by the UK Dementia Research Institute, which receives its funding from DRI, supported by the UK Medical Research Council, Alzheimer’s Society and Alzheimer’s Research UK; and is also supported by the MRC, Wellcome Trust, the Dolby Family Fund and the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. T.J.H. is a member of the scientific advisory board for Vivid Genomics and serves on the Editorial Boards for ‘Alzheimer’s & Dementia’ and ‘Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions’. L.S.H. is the web editor for ‘JAMA Neurology’. B.T.H. has a family member who works at Novartis and owns stock in Novartis; serves on the scientific advisory board of Dewpoint and owns stock; and serves on a scientific advisory board or is a consultant for AbbVie, Aprinoia Therapeutics, Arvinas, Avrobio, Axial, Biogen, BMS, Cure Alz Fund, Cell Signaling, Eisai, Genentech, Ionis, Latus, Novartis, Sangamo, Sanofi, Seer, Takeda, the US Department of Justice, Vigil, Voyager; and receives research support for his laboratory from research grants from the NIH, Cure Alzheimer’s Fund, Tau Consortium and the JPB Foundation, and through sponsored research agreements from Abbvie, BMS and Biogen. G.P.J. was the 2022 Past President of the American Society of Human Genetics. J.H.K. has been a consultant for Biogen. E.B.L. receives royalties from contributions to UpToDate. J.B.L. is a member of the scientific advisory board of Vaxxinity and has received grant support from Biogen and GE Healthcare. A.I.L. is a founder of EmTheraPro. R.B.L. has received research support from the NIH, the FDA and the National Headache Foundation; serves as consultant, advisory board member or has received honoraria or research support from AbbVie/Allergan, Amgen, Biohaven, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories (Promius), electroCore, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Teva, Vector and Vedanta Research; receives royalties from Wolff’s Headache, eighth edition, and Informa; and holds stock in Biohaven and Manistee. D.C.M. receives NIH funding; is the inventor of the FCI-SF and the UAB Research Foundation; owns the FCI-SF through copyright and trademark; has previously received royalty and consulting income from the UAB Research Foundation licensed use and sale of the FCI-SF; and is currently a consultant on an unaffiliated NIH grant using the FCI-SF. A.V.M. is a council member of the Alzheimer’s Association International Research Grants Program, on the steering committee of the Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study, and on the editorial boards of ‘Alzheimer’s and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions’ and the ‘Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology’. B.L.M. has received grant support from NIH, the Bluefield Project and the Rainwater Charitable Foundation; has received royalties from books published by Cambridge University Press, Elsevier, Guilford Publications, Johns Hopkins Press, Oxford University Press and Taylor & Francis Group; has received honorarium for serving as a member of the scientific advisory board of the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Stanford University and the University of Washington; and has received consulting fees from Genworth. J.C.M. is a consultant for clinical trials of antidementia drugs from Eli Lilly, Biogen and Janssen; is a consultant for the Barcelona Brain Research Center and the TS Srinivasan Advisory Board; and is an advisory board member for the Cure Alzheimer’s Fund Research Strategy Council. S.O. has multiple pending and issued patents on blood biomarkers for detecting and precision medicine therapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases; is a founding scientist of Cx Precision Medicine and owns stock options. R.C.P. is chair of the data monitoring committee for Pfizer and Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy and is a consultant for GE Healthcare and Roche. W.W.P. is a co-inventor of and holds a patent for WO/2018/160496, related to differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into microglia. E.M.R. is a scientific advisor to Alzheon, Aural Analytics, Denali, Retromer Therapeutics and Vaxxinity, and a cofounder and advisor to ALZPath. J.M.R. receives research support from Avid Pharmaceuticals. R.N.R. is the editor of ‘JAMA Neurology’. M.S. has received grants from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Veterans Health Administration. A.J.S. has received support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, a subsidiary of Eli Lilly (in-kind contribution of PET tracer precursor), is a member of scientific advisor boards for Bayer Oncology and Eisai and of the dementia advisory board of Siemens Medical Solutions USA, is a member of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MESA observational study monitoring board, and is part of the editorial office support as editor-in-chief for ‘Brain Imaging and Behavior’ for Springer Nature Publishing. J.A.S. has received consulting fees from AVID, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Cerveau Technologies. L.S.S. has received personal fees from AC Immune, Athira, BioVie, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Merck, Neurim, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Roche/Genentech within the past year, and research grants from Biogen, Eisai and Eli Lilly. W.W.S. serves as a paid consultant to Biogen Idec and has received grant support from NIH, the Association for Frontotemporal Degeneration, the Bluefield Project, the Rainwater Charitable Foundation and the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative. S.A.S. has received an unrestricted research grant from Mars. R.A.S. has received grants from the NIH and the Concussion Legacy Foundation; has received compensation from Biogen and Lundbeck; has received royalties from Psychological Assessment Resources for published neuropsychological tests; and has stock options as a member of the board of King Devick Technologies. D.L.S. has received research support from NIH and Eisai, has participated as a paid member of a DSMB or adjudication committee with Acadia, Avanir, Janssen and Otsuka, and has received consulting fees from Avanir and Novo Nordisk. R.E.T. has received patents for gamma-secretase modulators for exploring the treatment of AD. H.W. has received support from the TEVA speaker’s bureau. T.S.W. is a cofounder of revXon. C.B.W. has received royalties from UpToDate for two chapters; has done legal consulting for the law firms of Abali, Milne and Faegre Baker Daniels; is a consultant for Merck; and does stroke adjudication for an NIH clinical trial. L.A.F. has received institutional support from Mass Mutual Insurance. T.G.B. has served on scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Aprinoia Therapeutics, Biogen and Vivid Genomics. A.G.S. has received grant support from Biogen, Eisai, Eli Lilly, BMS, Janssen, Cassava, Vivoryon, NIH/NIA, the American College of Radiology and the Alzheimer’s Association. D.S. has received research support from NIA and Eisai to the institution, and consulting or Data Monitoring fees from Novo Nordisk, Janssen, AbbVie and Ono Pharmaceuticals. M. Cullum serves as the Scientific Director of the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium. G.T., W.-P.L., Y.Y.L., P.P.K., J.B.M., J.A.P., R.M.S., X.Z., M.S.A., R.L.A., L.G.A., S.E.A., S. Asthana, C.T.B., R.C.B., L.L.B., S.B., T.G.B., J.T.B., D. Beekly, B.B., D.A. Bennett, T.D.B., D. Blacker, B.F.B., J.D. Bowen, A.L.B., J.M.B., J.D. Buxbaum, C. Cao, C.S.C., C.M.C., M.M.C., H.C.C., S. Craft, P.K.C., E.A.C., C. Cruchaga, M.L.C., P.L.D.J., C.D., J.D., M. Dick, D.W.D., R.D., N.E.-T., D.A.E., D.W.F., V.F., T.M.F., M.P.F., D.R.G., M.G., D.H.G., B.G., A.M.G., N.R.G.-R., H.H., O. Harari, J. Hardy, T.J.H., L.S.H., R.M.H., M.J.H., B.T.H., G.P.J., M.I.K., J.S.K., J.A.K., C.D.K., A. Khaleeq, N.W.K., J.H.K., W.A.K., E.B.L., J.B.L., A.I.L., A.P.L., R.B.L., M.W.L., O.L.L., K.L.L., C.G.L., D.C. Marson, E.R.M., D.C. Mash, E.M., A.V.M., W.C.M., A.C.M., M. Mesulam, B.L.M., C.A.M., T.J.M., J.C.M., S. Mukherjee, A.J.M., S.E.O., H.L.P., V.P., E.P., R.C.P., W.W.P., E.M.R., J.M.R., E.D.R., M. Rodriguear, R.N.R., M.S., A.J.S., J.A.S., L.S.S., W.W.S., S.A.S., R.A.S., S.M.S., R.E.T., D.W.T., V.M.V.D., L.J.V.E., J.M.V., B.N.V., E.M.W., T.S.W., C.B.W., S.G.Y., B.W.K., W.S.B., L.-S.W., L.A.F., J.L.H., R.M., M.A.P.-V., G.D.S., G.R.J., C.R. and A.C.N. have received grant funding from the NIH, including from the National Institute on Aging and others. E.R. has received grant funding from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
