Boesch, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-9583
Anak, Seray
El Abyad, Dania https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2083-0236
Ostyn, Tessa
Antoranz, Asier https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7284-610X
My Van, Trieu
Newhouse, Daniel
Myers, Caitlyn
Van Melkebeke, Lukas
Palmer, Jeremy
Saffarzadeh, Najmeh
Chui, Jonathan Sai-Hong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-5947
Feio-Azevedo, Rita
Smets, Lena
Shankar, Gautam
Dubroja Lakić, Nikolina
Calvo, Paula Longás
Voet, Thierry https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-9963
Clark, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-0961
Cockell, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-9806
Lannoo, Matthias
Deleus, Ellen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-7723
Jaekers, Joris
Topal, Halit
Topal, Baki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-7535
Schneider, Kai Markus
Vacca, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-224X
Allison, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-3294
Ekstedt, Mattias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5590-8601
Boursier, Jerome
Bugianesi, Elisabetta
Ratziu, Vlad
De Smet, Frederik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6669-3335
Boeckx, Bram https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-6680
Daly, Ann K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-0629
Schattenberg, Jörn M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-4703
Verbeek, Jef
Bosisio, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-2003
Lambrechts, Diether https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-302X
Roskams, Tania
Schneider, Carolin V.
Francque, Sven
Korf, Hannelie
Härtlova, Anetta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8152-4361
Tiniakos, Dina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-7780
Anstee, Quentin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0088
van der Merwe, Schalk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9891-2686
Govaere, Olivier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-6930
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G032324N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (12ATN24N)
Innovative Medicines Initiative (777377)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2024
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Competing interests
: O.G. received project funding from Bruker Spatial Biology to run the GeoMx experiment. D.M. and T.M.V. are employees of Bruker Spatial Biology. M.A. has research collaborations with GSK and AstraZeneca. J.M.S. declares consultant honorary from Akero, Alentis, Alexion, Altimmune, AstraZeneca, 89Bio, Bionorica, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Gilead Sciences, GSK, HistoIndex, Ipsen, Inventiva Pharma, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, PRO.MED.CS Praha a.s., Kríya Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Siemens Healthineers; and speaker honorarium from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Ipsen, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Stockholder options—Hepta Bio. D.T. is a consultant for Inventiva SA and ICON Plc. Q.M.A. received project funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Interecept; is a consultant for Abbvie, Alimentiv, Akero, AstraZeneca, Axcella, 89Bio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharaceticals, Corcept Therapeutics, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, HistoIndex, Intercept, Inventiva, Madrigal, Medpace, Merck, Metadeq, Novo Nordisk, PathAI, Pfizer, Pharmanest, Prosciento, Regeneron, Resolution Therapeutics, Roche and Terns; obtained extra funding from Avalere, Catalyst Medical Education, Integritas Communications, Medscape, Novo Nordisk, Springer Healthcare and Elsevier; and is on the advisory board from Medpace and Gilead. The other authors declare no competing interests.