Wang, Ziqiao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-8670
Grosvenor, Luke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-5894
Ray, Debashree https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-2935
Cheng, Tianyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-731X
Ruczinski, Ingo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-6274
Beaty, Terri H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-1705
Volk, Heather
Ladd-Acosta, Christine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-3998
Chatterjee, Nilanjan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9060-008X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (1R01HG010480)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG011719)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Human Genome Research Institute (R00HG013674)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NCI | Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (U01CA249866)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | NIH Office of the Director (1U24OD023382)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM150836)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE031855)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE031855)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES034554)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES034554)
Article History
Received: 25 October 2024
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 2 June 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.