O’Brien, Shannon L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-6998
Tripp, Emma
Barki, Natasja
Blondel-Tepaz, Elodie
Smith, Gabrielle
Boufersaoui, Adam
Roberts, Jennie
Pike, Jeremy A.
Correia, Joao
Miljus, Tamara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-7866
Bouvier, Michel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1128-0100
Tennant, Daniel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-2732
Hudson, Brian D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7059-0091
Gerhart-Hines, Zachary
Milligan, Graeme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-3519
Schwartz, Thue W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-6904
Calebiro, Davide https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-1553
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (212313/Z/18/Z)
RCUK | Medical Research Council (MR/Z505973/1)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-183758)
Cancer Research UK (C17422/A25154, SEBSTF-2021\100002)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/R001480/1)
Article History
Received: 26 July 2023
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Competing interests
: T.W.S. and Z.G.-H. are cofounders of Embark Laboratories and Incipiam Pharma. T.W.S. is also a cofounder of SOLID Therapeutics. M.B. is the president of the scientific advisory board of Domain Therapeutics, a biotech company to which some of the BRET-based biosensors used in the present study have been licensed for commercial drug discovery activity. All the sensors used in the present study are freely available under a materials transfer agreement for academic work. G.M. is a cofounder and director of KelticPharmaTherapeutics () that has an interest in the development of FFA4 activators. The other authors declare no competing interests.