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Authors
Gharios, Ryan
Ross, Murial L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-6714
Li, Annabella
Kottantharayil, Shivani P. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4916-4706
Hoye, Jack
DeForest, Cole A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-3577
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (1807398)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM138036, R35GM138036)
National Science Foundation (DMR 1807398)
NSF | Directorate for Education & Human Resources | Division of Graduate Education (2140004)
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Competing interests
: C.A.D., R.G. and M.L.R. have filed a patent application (PCT/US2025/031504) related to the work described in this article. The other authors declare no competing interests.
