Lin, Zhi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6662-7330
Ngo, Wayne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-2303
Chou, Yu-Ting
Wu, Harry https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-3839
Susa, Katherine J.
Jun, Young-wook https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3182-5366
Bivona, Trever G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5734-4128
Doudna, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-999X
Wells, James A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-5519
Article History
Received: 7 January 2025
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: J.A.W. and Z.L. have filed a patent on the multiscale interactome profiling platform (The Regents of the University of California, 63/472,087). J.A.W. is a cofounder and member of the board of directors and scientific advisory board (SAB) for EpiBiologics and Inversion Therapeutics and SAB for Crossbow Therapeutics, IgGenix Therapeutics and RedTree Ventures. J.A.W. is also a consultant for Arena Bioworks. The Regents of the University of California have patents issued and pending for CRISPR technologies (US Provisional Patent No. 63/472,087, filed 9 June 2023) on which J.A.D. and W.N. are inventors. J.A.D. is a cofounder of Azalea Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Evercrisp, Scribe Therapeutics and Mammoth Biosciences. J.A.D. is an SAB member at Isomorphic Labs, BEVC Management, Evercrisp, Caribou Biosciences, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, The Column Group and Inari. J.A.D. is also an advisor for Aditum Bio. J.A.D. is chief science advisor to Sixth Street and a director at Johnson & Johnson, Altos and Tempus, and has a research project sponsored by Apple Tree Partners. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.