Kroell, Ann-Sophie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9986-0737
Hoffmann, Kira H. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8334-2172
Motzkus, Nikolas A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7758-4921
Lemmen, Nina https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0960-3197
Happ, Nele
Wolf, Benedict
von Bachmann, Anna-Lisa https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3266-4063
Southern, Nicholas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6836-1545
Vogd, Felicitas
Aschenbrenner, Sabine
Niopek, Dominik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-530X
Mathony, Jan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-9953
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (520612620)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (453202693)
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung
Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes
Konrad Zuse School of Excellence in Learning and Intelligent Systems (ELIZA) through the DAAD programme Konrad Zuse Schools of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence
Article History
Received: 14 April 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Competing interests
: K.H.H., A.-S.K., B.W., D.N. and J.M. are coinventors on a patent application related to this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.