Diep, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9403-3206
Madsen, Cody S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-2210
Choi, Wonseok https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7051-6605
Dong, Ziye
Kang-Yun, Christina S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-3253
Uychoco, Patricia F. V.
Seidel, Jeremy A.
Eaton, Samuel A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-4641
Jiao, Yongqin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-5823
Cotruvo, Joseph A. Jr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-8257
Park, Dan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6000-6805
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DE-AC52-07NA27344)
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Competing interests
: D.M.P., P.D., Z.D., J.A.S. and Y.J. are inventors on a pending patent application (63/564,714) filed by the LLNL on the SpyCI-LAMBS methodology. The other authors declare no competing interests.