Algov, Itay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-5628
Van Heest, Audrey
Hopton, Megan https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4761-9849
Liang, Frances
Holmes, Aidan
Hao, Liangliang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7513-3922
Zhou, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-2856
Funding for this research was provided by:
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DFS-52-22)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (DP2GM154013)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM130546)
Human Frontier Science Program (LT0019/2023-L)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (T32EB006359)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R00CA237861)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Competing interests
: X.Z. and L.H. are listed as inventors on pending unpublished provisional US patent applications related to this work. Inventorship determinations involving additional authors are currently under review. L.H. receives sponsored research support from Merck; this study was conducted independently of that support. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.