FitzPatrick, Michael E. B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-2012
Antanaviciute, Agne
Dunstan, Melanie
Künnapuu, Karolina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-0194
Trzupek, Dominik
Provine, Nicholas M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-2216
Dooley, Kyla
Zhang, Jia-Yuan
Irwin, Sophie L.
Garner, Lucy C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-252X
Pernes, Jane I.
Ferreira, Ricardo C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5733-3285
Sasson, Sarah C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-9072
Aschenbrenner, Dominik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-2567
Agarwal, Devika
Rodrigues, Astor
Howarth, Lucy
Brain, Oliver
Ruane, Darren
Soilleux, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4032-7249
Teichmann, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-6366
Dendrou, Calliope A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-4021
Simmons, Alison
Uhlig, Holm H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6111-7355
Todd, John A.
Klenerman, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-9161
Funding for this research was provided by:
Academy of Medical Sciences
Beyond Celiac, Coeliac UK
Oxford-BMS Translational Fellowship Scheme
Wellcome Trust (WSSS 211276/Z/18/Z & 218597/Z/19/Z, WSSS 211276/Z/18/Z & 218597/Z/19/Z), WSSS 211276/Z/18/Z & 218597/Z/19/Z, WSSS 211276/Z/18/Z & 218597/Z/19/Z, 222426/Z/21/Z))
Johnson and Johnson Innovative Medicine via the Cartography Consortium
JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory Strategic Award
Article History
Received: 10 December 2023
Accepted: 25 March 2025
First Online: 6 May 2025
Competing interests
: M.E.B.F. consults for Takeda Pharmaceuticals. N.M.P. has consulted for Infinitopes. D.R. is an employee of Janssen Immunology. D. Aschenbrenner is an employee of Novartis Institute of BioMedical Research. S.A.T. is a scientific advisory board member of ForeSite Labs, OMass Therapeutics, Qiagen and Xaira Therapeutics, a cofounder and equity holder of TransitionBio and Ensocell Therapeutics, a non-executive director of 10x Genomics, and a part-time employee of GlaxoSmithKline. J.A.T. consults for GSK, Vesalius, Avammune, Azenta, Dasman Diabetes Institute and Immunocore. P.K. has consulted for AZ, Infinitopes and UCB, and received research funding from Immunocore, all on unrelated projects. The other authors declare no competing interests.