Venzin, Valentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-7887
Beccaria, Cristian G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9682-4415
Perucchini, Chiara
Delfino, Pietro
Bono, Elisa B.
Giustini, Leonardo
Moalli, Federica
Grillo, Marta
Fumagalli, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-2498
Laura, Chiara
Di Lucia, Pietro
Reinhard, Katharina
Petschenka, Jutta
Omokoko, Tana Annmarie
Celant, Anna https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8273-8004
Ottolini, Sabrina https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2506-7121
Kawashima, Keigo
Ravà, Micol https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-8368
De Giovanni, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-3092
Inverso, Donato
Kuka, Mirela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-1559
Kennedy, Patrick T. F.
Guilliams, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-7570
Casorati, Giulia
Pedica, Federica
Ponzoni, Maurilio
Şahin, Uğur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564
Le Bert, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0502-2527
Bertoletti, Antonio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-0485
Vascotto, Fulvia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-3484
Guidotti, Luca G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0205-2678
Iannacone, Matteo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-2671
Funding for this research was provided by:
Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (30520)
Article History
Received: 6 February 2025
Accepted: 20 May 2025
First Online: 30 June 2025
Competing interests
: K.R. and T.A.O. are stock owners, and employees at BioNTech. U.S. is stock owner and management board member at BioNTech. P.T.F.K. has acted as a consultant/advisor for Aligos, Assembly Biosciences, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline and Bluejay and received educational grants from Aligos, Gilead Sciences and Vir Biotechnology. N.L.B. and A.B. are the founders and hold stocks of T Cell Diagnostics, a biotech company developing T cell tests for viral infection. A.B. is the cofounder of LION TCR, a company developing T cell therapy against viral-related cancers. A.B. consulted and served on the advisory boards of Brii Biosciences, Assembly Biosciences and Gilead Sciences. L.G.G. participated in boards, advisory boards and consultantships for Genenta Science, Epsilen Bio, Gilead Sciences, Antios Therapeutics, Aligos Therapeutics, Medicxi, Chroma Medicine and Ananda Immunotherapies. M.I. participates in advisory boards/consultantships or receives funding from Gilead Sciences, GentiBio, BlueJay Therapeutics, BioNTech, Excision BioTherapeutics, Moderna, GSK and Curie.Bio. The other authors declare no competing interests.