Fang, Cao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-3323
Esposito, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-4087
Hars, Ulrike
Byrne, Robert T.
Song, Bokai
Huang, Jian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-0425
Roichman, Asael
Shue, Lawrence https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-9270
Cheng, Xiaobing
Proudfoot, John
Zhao, Demin
Wei, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1034-649X
Cristea, Ileana M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-2458
Rabinowitz, Joshua D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1247-4727
Kang, Yibin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1626-6730
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (N/A)
Susan G. Komen (SAC220223)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2024
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Competing interests
: M.E. holds equity and management positions in Kayothera, a company developing retinoid antagonists. Y.K. holds equity positions and serves as chair of the scientific advisory board of Kayothera and Firebrand Therapeutics. M.E., J.P. and Y.K. are co-inventors on a patent (US patent 12,054,475) related to ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 inhibitors. J.P. (employee of DiscoveryBytes) and X.C. (employee of WuXi AppTec) received funding from Kayothera in support of their respective contributions of research to this work. The other authors declare no competing interests.