Relano-Rodriguez, Ignacio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-6258
Du, Jianqiu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2626-6590
Lin, Zi Jie https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1707-6471
Kerwin, Margaret
Tarquis-Medina, Marta
Urbano, Eduardo
Cui, Jiayan
Watkins, Meagan
Lavine, Christy L.
Zhao, Peng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9296-5293
Habib, Rumi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2812-8263
Agostino, Colby https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-1848
Ghosh, Sukanya
Park, Joyce
Boroughs, Caroline
Walsh, Agnes A.
Melo, Mariane B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-2454
Shukla, Niharika
Shaw, George M.
Hahn, Beatrice H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-9887
Irvine, Darrell J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-1405
Wells, Lance https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-5363
Weiner, David B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2232-8512
Seaman, Michael S.
Kulp, Daniel W.
Veazey, Ronald S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-2391
Pallesen, Jesper https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-1587
Escolano, Amelia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-2440
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 3 February 2026
Competing interests
: A patent application including reagents and concepts of this study has been submitted by The Wistar Institute, with A.E. listed as inventor. Additionally, A.E. is named inventor on other patent applications related to the RC1 HIV-1 immunogen and antibodies elicited and isolated using RC1. A.E. has received financial compensation from The Rockefeller University for the licensed patent of RC1. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.