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Authors
Wang, Yuqing
Afshari, Khashayar
Haddadi, Nazgol-Sadat
Lopes, Carolina Salomão
Eng, Chee-Huat Linus
Whiteman, Leah M. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2297-5998
Martinez, Nuria
Kyawe, Pyae P.
Anufrieva, Ksenia S.
Wei, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-167X
Frieda, Kirsten
Rosenbach, Misha
Vleugels, Ruth Ann
Gallucci, Stefania https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-8003
Harris, John E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-6430
Rashighi, Mehdi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-5887
Garber, Manuel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-1293
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P50AR080593)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K08AR077037)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (P50AR080593)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5U01AI176310)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5U01AI176310)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (5U01AI176310)
Kings Trust Foundation Bank of America Private Bank, Co-Trustees Fellowship
Skin of Color Society
Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Awards for Medical Scientists Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award
Priovant Theraputics
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Competing interests
: M.G. is a scientific founder of Via Scientific, which develops analysis pipelines used in this work. J.E.H. is a scientific founder of Villaris Therapeutics, which develops therapeutic treatments for vitiligo. J.E.H. is an inventor on patent no. 62489191 (‘Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo’), which covers targeting IL-15 and Trm for the treatment of vitiligo. K.W. receives research support from Merck Sharp & Dohme and 10× Genomics. M. Rosenbach receives research support as honoraria from Merck, J&J, Priovant and Novartis. M. Rashighi received consulting fees from Biogen. The other authors declare no competing interests.
