Frazee, Caitlin S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-5586
Chen, Sisi
Berry, Corbett T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-2034
Lee, Casey S.
Banciella, Reid A.
Ngo, Lucianna
Shon, David
Herman, Patrick J.
Fischman, Jake S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-5033
Leff, Chloe L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9036-4099
Chen, Anna
Kuo, Yvonne
Shestov, Alexander A.
Kelly, Andre R.
Valentic, Bakir https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5253-0010
Milone, Michael C.
O’Connor, Roddy S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-4544
Ellebrecht, Christoph T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7656-0491
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35-GM159930)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K08-AR080266)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR007465)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR007465)
Dermatology Foundation
Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 22 June 2026
Competing interests
: C.T.E. has equity (Cabaletta Bio) and patent licensing (Cabaletta Bio and Novartis). R.O.C. has equity (Nucleus Biologics), a research grant (NeoTx) and patent licensing (Novartis). M.C.M. has equity (Cabaletta Bio and Verismo), a research grant (Cabaletta Bio) and patent licensing (Cabaletta Bio, Novartis and Tmunity Therapeutics, Verismo) and has received payment (Cabaletta Bio). The other authors declare no competing interests.