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Article History

Received: 29 May 2020

Accepted: 11 March 2021

First Online: 3 May 2021

Competing interests

: T.P. has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche and Merck; and received honoraria for lectures or advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Merck, Johnson & Johnson, Ipsen, Exelixis, Pfizer, Novartis and Seattle Genetics. D.C. is a full-time employee at AstraZeneca and owns stocks/shares in AstraZeneca. S.C. has held advisory roles for Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Beigene, Clovis Oncology, Janssen-Cilag, and Pfizer; participated in speakers’ bureaux for Pfizer; received honoraria from Clovis Oncology and Novartis; received research funding from Clovis Oncology and Sanofi/Aventis; and received travel expenses from Beigene and Clovis Oncology. G.G. has received travel expenses for symposia from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Astellas, Ipsen, Janssen and Pfizer. F.J. has provided consultancy for Roche, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Tesaro, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Novartis and Sanofi, Astellas. F.J. has received travel/accommodation expenses from Roche, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Tesaro and Bristol-Myers Squibb and has received funding (institution) from Astellas. J. Carles has received research funding from AB Science, Aragon Pharmaceuticals, Arog Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca AB, Aveo Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Blueprint Medicines, BN Immunotherapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim España, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Cougar Biotechnology, Deciphera Pharmaceuticlas, Exelixis, Hoffmann-La Roche, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte Corporations, Janssen-Cilag, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Laboratoires Leurquin Mediolanum, Lilly, MedImmune, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Nanobiotix, Novartis Farmaceutica, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology, Sanofi-Aventis, SFJ Pharma and Teva; has participated in advisory boards for Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, Pfizer, Sanofi, MSD Oncology, Roche and AstraZeneca; has participated in speakers’ bureaux for Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, Asofarma and Astellas; and received travel expenses from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Roche and AstraZeneca. A.F. has received honoraria and travel expenses from AstraZeneca, MSD, Roche, Janssen and Astellas. P.M. declares no competing interests. D.P. consults for Ada Cap (Advanced Accelerator Applications), Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bicycle Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Eli Lilly, Exelixis, Incyte, Janssen, Mirati, Monopteros, Pfizer, Pharmacyclics, Roche, Seattle Genetics and Urogen; has received research funding from Ada Cap, Agensys, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BioXcel Therapeutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Endocyte, Genentech, Innocrin, MedImmune, Medivation, Merck, Mirati, Novartis, Pfizer, Progenics and Replimune; and is a stockholder in Bellicum. F.R. has received honoraria from Merck KGaA and MSD. N.C. has received research funding from RedX Pharmaceuticals, Tarveda, AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, Eisai, Boehringer Ingelheim and Taiho; has participated in advisory boards for RedX Pharmaceuticals; and has been an advisor (unpaid) to Roche Pharmaceuticals. Research at the Christie NHS Foundation Trust was supported by the NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility and Manchester Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre award. A.B. has received research funding from Genentech, Merck, AstraZeneca, MedImmune, Nektar, Seattle Genetics and Immunomedics; has held a consultancy or advisory role for Genentech, Incyte, Merck, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, MedImmune, Nektar and Seattle Genetics; has had speaker engagements for Genentech, Merck, AstraZeneca and MedImmune; and has participated in steering groups and advisory boards for Merck. S.S.S. has consulted for or served on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Roche, Merck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas, Janssen and Bayer. M.G. has held a consultancy or advisory role for Aileron Therapeutics and is a stockholder in Rappta Therapeutics. P.G. has consulted for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biocept, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Driver, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Foundation Medicine, Genentech/Roche, Genzyme, Heron Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, QED Therapeutics and GlaxoSmithKline; has delivered educational programs to GlaxoSmithKline; and has received research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Genentech/Roche, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Oncogenex, Pfizer, Clovis Oncology, Bavarian Nordic, Immunomedics, Debiopharm and Bristol-Myers Squibb. A.R. has received research funding from Pfizer and Merck GA; and has received honoraria and participated in advisory boards for Pfizer, Merck GA, Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, MSD and Ipsen. R.J. has received research funding from AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Roche, Janssen and Astellas; has received honoraria for speaking and advisory boards from AstraZeneca, MSD, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen and Astellas; and has written for the educational company Mirrors of Medicine (noncompensated). J. Cosaert is an AstraZeneca employee. D.H., I.K., R. Mather and R. McEwen are AstraZeneca employees and stockholders. F.M. is a contract employee of AstraZeneca and shareholder in StatProcess and Health Data Process. D.L. is a former employee of AstraZeneca (as Senior Director Physician on this study), consults for AstraZeneca and has received research funding from Decision Science.