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Article History

Received: 20 December 2020

Accepted: 6 July 2021

First Online: 12 August 2021

Competing interests

: Moffitt Cancer Center (Principal Investigator B.C.C.) was the sponsor of the trial. The trial was primarily supported by Stand Up to Cancer Foundation through the AACR Catalyst grant mechanism. Nivolumab was supplied by ER Squibb & Sons. Aldesleukin (IL-2) was supplied by Clinigen Group. Funding to the Moffitt Cell Therapies Facility was provided by Iovance Biotherapeutics. The companies played no other role in the study or report. B.C.C. has received speaking fees from AstraZeneca, ARIAD Pharmaceuticals and Hoffmann-La Roche and consultant fees from Xilio, Achilles, ER Squibb, Hoffmann-La Roche, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, KSQ Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead Sciences, Celgene. B.C.C. has received research funding from NeoGenomics Laboratories and Adaptive Biotechnologies and has a patent application (WO2020263919A1). A.A.C. has received speaking fees from Genentech, Merck, Celgene and Takeda; consultant fees from Amgen, Jazz, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, AbbVie and BMS; and research funding from AstraZeneca, Novartis and BMS, outside the submitted work. J.R.C.G. has received consultant fees from Leidos, consultant and nonfinancial support from Anixa Biosciences; consultant fees and nonfinancial support from Compass Therapeutics; and has a patent (WO2020033923A1) pending. E.B.B. has received consultant fees from Amgen and Janssen, outside the submitted work. S.K. reports nonfinancial and research financial support from BMS and AstraZeneca. A.M.L. received financial support from by Iovance Biotherapeutics. J.E.M. reports laboratory research support from Iovance Biotherapeutics for research outside the submitted work and a patent (62668246) licensed to Iovance Biotherapeutics. S.A.P.T. reports grants from Swim Across America Foundation, V Foundation, American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant, State of Florida Bankhead-Coley Grant, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics, Myst Therapeutics, NIH-NCI (grant nos. U54 CA193489-01A1, CA241559, U01 CA244100-01, R01 CA239219-01A1) and Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, outside the submitted work. In addition, S.A.P.T. has a patent (61/973,006 61/978,112) with royalties paid to Iovance Biotherapeutics and a patent immunotherapy targeted to tumors expressing receptors with royalties paid to Tuhura Biopharma. A.N.S. received nonfinancial support and research grants from Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Mersana, Genmab and Eli Lilly, outside the submitted work. A.A.S. reports grants from NCI K23, Ocala Royal Dames and Swim Across America Foundation; personal fees from Guidepoint and Gerson Lehrman Group; and consultant fees from Defined Health, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Physicians’ Educational Resource and Medscape, outside the submitted work. In addition, A.A.S. has a patent for Compositions and Methods for Improving Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes for Adoptive Cell Therapy (61/973,002) with royalties paid to Iovance Biotherapeutics, a patent for a Rapid Method for Culture of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes from Core Needle Biopsies of Solid Tumors and a patent for Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Stapled Peptoid Peptide Hybrid Peptidomimetics (16/157,174). J.K.T. has grant support through P30-CA76292 and a patent pending for a Large Data Set Negative Information Storage Model. C.W. has a patent application filed for Generation of T Cell Receptors (TCRs) that React to Neoantigens. S.J.A. has received advisor fees from Achilles, Amgen, AstraZeneca, ER Squibb, Caris Life Sciences, Celsius Therapeutics, G1 Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Memgen, Merck & Co., Nektar Therapeutics, RAPT Therapeutics, Venn Therapeutics, Glympse, EMD Serano and Samyang Biopharm USA; and research funding from Cellular Biomedicine Group. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.