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Article History

Received: 29 September 2021

Accepted: 14 December 2021

First Online: 28 February 2022

Competing interests

: A.A.V. has received research support and/or has been a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Merck, Myokardia, Novo Nordisk, Novartis, and Roche Diagnostics. C.E.A. has received research/grant support and/or has been a consultant for Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medtronic, Novartis, ResMed, Thermo Fisher, Vifor and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. J.R.T. has received research support and/or has been a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Servier, and Windtree Therapeutics. S.P.C. is a consultant for Aiphia, Siemens, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim and Vixiar and receives research support from the NIH, PCORI, AstraZeneca and Beckman Coulter. M.K. has received research grants from AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, and has served as a consultant for AstraZeneca, Amgen, Applied Therapeutics, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Esperion Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck (Diabetes and Cardiovascular), Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Vifor. J.P.F. is a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim and receives research support from AstraZeneca. M.E.N. has received speaking honoraria from Abbott, and is a consultant for Vifor, Roche and Amgen. J.T. is supported by the National University of Singapore Start-Up grant and has been a consultant and holds minor stocks for Us2.ai, and has received personal fees from Roche Diagnostics, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim and has a patent awarded for an ‘Automatic clinical workflow’ that recognizes and analyzes 2D and Doppler modality echocardiogram images for automated cardiac measurements. C.J.W.B. has received personal fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. C.M. has received personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer. J.C.-C. has received unrestricted grants from Vifor and Novartis paid directly to his institute, and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Boehringer Ingelheim. M.F. has received research grants from AstraZeneca, Novartis and Vifor Pharma; and fees as a speaker or consultant for AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Pharmacosmos. R.J.M. reports research support and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Abbott, American Regent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Cytokinetics, Fast BioMedical, Gilead, Innolife, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Relypsa, Respicardia, Roche, Sanofi, Vifor, Windtree Therapeutics, and Zoll. Y.S. reports consulting fees and honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim. H.S. has received unrestricted grants from AstraZeneca paid directly to his institute, and consulting fees from Novartis and speaking fees from MSD, Pfizer, Sanofi and Amgen. M.S. has received personal payments from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk and Novartis. P.C.S. received honoraria and travel support from Bayer, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, Actelion, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Pharmacosmos, Medtronic, Thoratec, Boehringer Ingelheim, Heartware, Coronus, Abbott, Edwards Inc., Boston Scientific, St. Jude Medical, Abiomed, and the German Cardiac Society. P.C.S. also received research support from the National Institute of Health (USA), the German Research Foundation, the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, German Heart Foundation, the European Society of Cardiology, Actelion, Medtronic, BMBF, Abiomed, Boehringer Ingelheim and Boston Scientific. P.C.S. served on advisory boards for the German Research Council, Eurotransplant, Novartis, Bayer, Pharmacosmos, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, the German Cardiac Society and the European Society of Cardiology. U.Z. received personal payments from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. S.Z. has received consulting and or personal fees from Abbott, Akcea, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Alnylam, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Pfizer, Servier and Vifor. M.B. and A.S. are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim. J.P.B. is an employee of Elderbrook Solutions GmbH. P.P. reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Servier, Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen, Novartis, Merck, Pfizer, Berlin Chemie, and grants and personal fees from Vifor Pharma. J.B., M.A.P., S.P.J., R.G.K., L.S., M.V. and J.K.W. declare no competing interests.