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Authors
Ganapathi, Shaswath http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-0007
Palmer, Jo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1186-802X
Alderman, Joseph E. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-9009
Calvert, Melanie http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-837X
Espinoza, Cyrus
Gath, Jacqui
Ghassemi, Marzyeh
Heller, Katherine
Mckay, Francis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-9446
Karthikesalingam, Alan
Kuku, Stephanie
Mackintosh, Maxine
Manohar, Sinduja http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-1933
Mateen, Bilal A.
Matin, Rubeta
McCradden, Melissa http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-2165
Oakden-Rayner, Lauren http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5471-5202
Ordish, Johan http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2367
Pearson, Russell
Pfohl, Stephen R.
Rostamzadeh, Negar
Sapey, Elizabeth
Sebire, Neil
Sounderajah, Viknesh
Summers, Charlotte http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-2873
Treanor, Darren http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-484X
Denniston, Alastair K. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-0087
Liu, Xiaoxuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
DH | National Institute for Health Research (AI_HI200014, AI_HI200014)
NIHR, The Health Foundation and The NHS AI Lab
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Article History
First Online: 26 September 2022
Competing interests
: K.H., A.K., N.R. and S.R.P. are employees of Google. S.K. is a consultant for Hardian Health. D.T. and F.M. are funded by National Pathology Imaging Co-operative (NPIC, Pproject no. 104687), which is supported by a £50 million investment from the Data to Early Diagnosis and Precision Medicine strand of the government’s Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, managed and delivered by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). X.L., A.K.D., J.E.A. and J.P. are funded by NIHR, the NHS Transformation Directorate and the Health Foundation (AI_HI200014). M.J.C. is Director of the Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, Director of the Centre for the Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research and is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator. M.J.C. receives funding from the NIHR, UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, the NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, NIHR ARC West Midlands, UK SPINE, European Regional Development Fund – Demand Hub and Health Data Research UK at the University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Innovate UK (part of UKRI), Macmillan Cancer Support, UCB Pharma, Janssen, GSK and Gilead, has received personal fees from Astellas, Aparito Ltd, CIS Oncology, Takeda, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Glaukos, GSK and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) outside the submitted work; a family member of M.J.C. owns shares in GSK. ES receives research funding from UKRI (MR/V033654/1 and MR/S002782/1), the British Lung Foundation, and Alpha 1 Foundation and NIHR. C.S. receives research funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR133788), UKRI (MR/P502091/1 and MR/X005070/1), the Wellcome Trust, and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC1215-20014). All other authors declare no conflicts.
