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Article History

Received: 1 December 2021

Accepted: 9 September 2022

First Online: 5 December 2022

Competing interests

: <b>S.D.A.</b> has received grants from Vifor; has received personal fees from Vifor, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Servier, Impulse Dynamics, Cardiac Dimensions and Thermo Fisher Scientific; and has received grants and personal fees from Abbott Vascular, outside the submitted work. <b>J.B.</b> reports consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Cardior, CVRx, Foundry, G3 Pharma, Imbria, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Roche, Sanofi, Sequana Medical, V-Wave Ltd and Vifor. <b>G.F.</b> reports lectures and/or Committee Member contributions in trials sponsored by Medtronic, Vifor, Servier, Novartis, Bayer, Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>J.P.F.</b> reports consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study. <b>E.B.</b> reports consultant fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier Affaires Medicales; research grants from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Novartis; and travel grants from Laboratorios Baldacci. <b>M.Bö.</b> reports personal fees from Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Medtronic, Novartis, ReCor, Servier and Vifor during the conduct of the study. <b>H.P.B.-L.R.</b> reports research grants from Medtronic, Novartis Pharma, Roche Diagnostics Corporation and Vifor Pharma. <b>V.C.</b> reports speaking fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. <b>N.G.</b> reports consulting fees from Amgen Canada, AstraZeneca Canada, Boehringer Ingelheim Canada, Merck, Novartis and Servier Canada; and research grants from Amgen Canada, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck and Novartis. <b>S.J.</b> reports advisory board contributions in trials sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>J.L.J.</b> reports consulting fees from Applied Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen Global Services; research grants from Novartis Pharma, Roche Diagnostics; stock options from Imbria Pharmaceuticals; and Committee Member contributions in trials sponsored by AbbVie, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Intercept Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc. <b>J.R.G.-J.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>B.M.</b> reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. <b>S.J.N.</b> reports research grants from Amgen, Anthera, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cerenis, Eli Lilly and Company, Esperion, F Hoffmann-La Roche, InfaReDx, LipScience, Novartis, Resverlogix, Sanofi-Regeneron and The Medicines Company. <b>S.V.P.</b> reports consulting fees from Abbott and Laboratorios Bago. <b>I.L.P.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>P.P.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Servier, BMS, Amgen, Novartis, Merck, Pfizer and Berlin Chemie; and grants and personal fees from Vifor Pharma<b>. M.S.</b> reports consultancy fees from Abbot, Bayer, Bayer Healthcare, Merck, Novartis and Vifor Pharma. <b>I.S.</b> reports research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>H.T.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Astellas Pharma Inc., Pfizer Japan Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Kowa Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd and Teijin Pharma Ltd; grants from Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd, Japan Tobacco Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, IQVIA Services Japan, Omron Healthcare, Astellas Pharma Inc. and Teijin Pharma Ltd; grants and personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited and MSD KK; and grants, personal fees and other from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd and Novartis Pharma K.K, outside the submitted work. <b>S.V.</b> reports research grants and honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Novartis, NovoNordisk, PhaseBio and Pfizer; and honoraria from Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals and the Toronto Knowledge Translation Working Group. He is a member of the scientific excellence committee of the EMPEROR-Reduced trial and served as a national lead investigator of the DAPA-HF and EMPEROR-Reduced trials. He is the President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organization. <b>D.V.</b> reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis Pharma. <b>T.I.</b>, <b>J.M.S.</b> and <b>M.Br.</b> are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim. <b>S.J.P.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study. <b>F.Z.</b> reports personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Janssen, Novartis, Boston Scientific, Amgen, CVRx, AstraZeneca, Vifor Fresenius, Cardior, Cereno Pharmaceutical, Applied Therapeutics, Merck, Bayer and Cellprothera outside of the submitted work; and other support from cardiovascular clinical trialists and Cardiorenal, outside of the submitted work. All other authors have no competing interests.