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Article History

Received: 11 September 2022

Accepted: 2 December 2022

First Online: 19 January 2023

Competing interests

: G.K. holds research contracts with Daiichi Sankyo, Eleor, Kaleido, Lytix Pharma, PharmaMar, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics, Sanofi, Tollys and Vascage. G. K. consults for Reithera. G.K. is on the board of directors of the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation France. G.K. is a scientific co-founder of everImmune, Osasuna Therapeutics, Samsara Therapeutics and Therafast Bio. G.K. is the inventor of patents covering therapeutic targeting of aging, cancer, cystic fibrosis and metabolic disorders. G.K.’s brother, R.omano Kroemer, was an employee of Sanofi and now consults for Boehringer-Ingelheim. J. M. has served in advisory roles for BMS, Merck and Roche. M.M. reports grants from Regeneron, Inc, outside the submitted work. F.A. has grants and advisory roles (compensated to the hospital) for Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Lilly and Roche. L.Z. has held research contracts with 9 Meters Biopharma, Daiichi Sankyo, and Pilege, was on the on the Board of Directors of Transgene, is a co-founder of everImmune, and holds patents covering the treatment of cancer and the therapeutic manipulation of the microbiota. None of the funders had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.