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Article History

Received: 19 June 2023

Accepted: 14 November 2023

First Online: 4 January 2024

Competing interests

: Y.K.: honoraria—Bristol-Myers Squibb Japan, Lilly Japan, Taiho Pharmaceutical; consulting or advisory role—Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Takeda; research funding—AbbVie (institution), Amgen (institution), Astellas Pharma (institution), AstraZeneca (institution), Boehringer Ingelheim (institution), Chugai Pharma (institution), Genmab (institution), GlaxoSmithKline (institution), Incyte (institution), Janssen Oncology (institution), Lilly (institution), Merck Serono (institution), Ono Pharmaceutical (institution), Taiho Pharmaceutical (institution), Takeda (institution), Hengrui (institution), Novartis Pharma (institution); travel, accommodations, expenses—Amgen. M.F.: grants or contracts—Amgen (institution), Agenus Bio (institution), Verastem (institution), Genentech/imCORE (institution); consulting fees (payments made to self)—AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Bayer, Incyte, Pfizer, Taiho Oncology; participation in a data safety monitoring board or an advisory board (payments made to self)—Bayer, Eisai Oncology, Entos, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Nouscom, Roche/Genentech, Seattle Genetics, Xenthera Inc.; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts or other services—Bristol-Myers Squibb (study-related drugs provided to institution). J.S.: consultant or advisory role—AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Natera, Pfizer, Pionyr Immunotherapeutics, Roche/Genentech, Seagen, Silverback Therapeutics, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Viatris, Zentalis; research funding or contracted research—AbbVie (institution), Amgen (institution), AStar D3 (institution), Bayer (institution), BeiGene (institution), Curegenix (institution), Daiichi-Sankyo (institution), Eli Lilly (institution), Erasca (institution), Leap Therapeutics (institution), Roche/Genentech (institution), Seagen (institution), Silverback Therapeutics (institution). R.Y.: honoraria—Zai Lab; consulting or advisory role—Mirati Therapeutics, Amgen Inc.; research funding—Array BioPharma (institution), Boehringer Ingelheim (institution), Mirati Therapeutics (institution), Pfizer (institution), Daiichi-Sankyo (institution). T.M.: honoraria—Bayer Yakuhin, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, Merck Serono, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Yakult Honsha, MSD, Nippon Kayaku; research funding—Amgen (institution), Boehringer Ingelheim (institution), CMIC (institution), Daiichi-Sankyo (institution), Lilly Japan (institution), MSD (institution), Novartis (institution), Ono Pharmaceutical (institution), Pfizer (institution), Syneos Health (institution). E.J.K.: grants or contracts—NGM (institution), Erytech (institution), Fibrogen (institution), Eureka (institution), Merck (institution), Bristol-Myers Squibb (institution), Astellas (institution), Boston Biomedical (institution), AstraZeneca (institution), Celgene (institution), Halozyme (institution), Samumed (institution), Epicentrx (institution), MedImmune (institution), BeiGene (institution), Theriva Biologics (institution); consulting fees—Eisai (self), Taiho (self), Lilly (self), Relay (self); payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events—Eisai (speaker), Seagen (speaker); monitoring board or advisory board—Lilly (self), Relay (self); stock or stock options—ROMTech. C.M.B.: consulting or advisory role—AbbVie (institution), AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Celgene, Clinical Care Options, Creative Educational Concepts, Curio Science, CVS, Daiichi-Sankyo, EMD Serono, Genentech, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Medical Learning Institute, MJH Holdings, Novartis, Novocure, OncLive Clinical Congress Consultants, Sanofi/Regeneron, Seagen, Takeda, Targeted Oncology, Tempus; speakers’ bureau—Merck; research funding—Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol-Myers Squibb. S.K.: stock and other ownership interests—Frontier Medicines, Iylon, Lutris, Navire, Xilis; consulting or advisory role—AbbVie, Accademia Nazionale di Medicina (ACCMED), Amal Therapeutics, Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bayer Health, Bicara Therapeutics, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Medarex, Cardiff Oncology, Carina Biotech, CureTeq, EMD Serono, Endeavor BioMedicines, Flame Biosciences, Foundation Medicine, Frontier Medicines, Genentech, Genomic Health, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, HalioDx, Harbinger Oncology Inc., Holy Stone Healthcare, Inivata, Ipsen, Iylon, Jacobio, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, Lilly, Lutris, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, NeoGenomics Laboratories, Novartis, Numab, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Redx Pharma, Repare Therapeutics, Replimune, Servier, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, Tempus, Xilis, Zentalis; research funding—Amgen, Array BioPharma, Biocartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, EMD Serono, Genentech/Roche, Guardant Health, Lilly, MedImmune, Novartis, Sanofi. G.S.F.: royalties (self)—Wolters Kluwer (2014–present); advisory role (to institution)—AbbVie (2022), Fujifilm (2018), Silicon (2020, 2021), Navire (2021), Turning Point (2021), Predicine (2021), Inspirna (2021), Regeneron (2021), Jubilant (2022), BostonGene (2022), Teon (2022), Merck (2022), Sanofi (2023), BridgeBio (2023); advisory role (self)—EMD Serono (2010, 2011); speaker’s honorarium for continuing medical education—Total Health Conferencing (2019), Rocky Mountain Oncology Society (2020); travel (self, for work and/or research related to institution)—Amgen (2022), Bristol-Myers Squibb (2015), EMD Serono (2011, 2012, 2013), Fujifilm (2018), Millennium (2013), Sarah Cannon Research Institute (employer, at least once yearly), Synthorx/Sanofi (2022); research funding (to institution, for any trial for which G.S.F. has been the primary investigator (ever) or subinvestigator (minimum last 4 years))—3-V Biosciences, Abbisko, AbbVie, ABL Bio, ADC Therapeutics, Accutar, Agenus, Aileron, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Amgen, ARMO/Eli Lilly, Artios, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, Bioatla, Bioinvent, Biothera, Bicycle, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Celldex, Ciclomed, Curegenix, Curis, Cyteir, Daiichi, DelMar, eFFECTOR, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Epizyme, Erasca, Exelixis, Freenome, Fujifilm, Genmab, GlaxoSmithKline, Hutchison MediPharma, IGM Biosciences, Ignyta, Immunitas, ImmunoGen/MacroGenics, Incyte, Jacobio, Jazz, Jounce, Jubilant, Kineta, Kolltan, Loxo/Bayer, MedImmune, Merck, Metabomed, Millennium, Mirati, miRNA Therapeutics, Molecular Templates, National Institutes of Health, Navire/BridgeBio, NGM Bio, NiKang, Novartis, OncoMed, Oncorus, Oncothyreon, Poseida, Precision Oncology, Prelude, PureTech, Pyramid, Pyxis, RasCal, Regeneron, Relay, Rgenix, Ribon, Roche, Samumed, Sapience, Seagen, Silicon, Simcha, Sirnaomics, Strategia, Syndax, Synthorx/Sanofi, Taiho, Takeda, Tallac, Tarus, Tarveda, Teneobio, Tesaro, Tocagen, Turning Point, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Vegenics, Xencor, Zhuhai Yufan. C.L.: honoraria—AstraZeneca, Genentech/Roche, Lilly/ImClone, Merck, Takeda Science Foundation; consulting or advisory role—Abbott Biotherapeutics, ARIAD, AstraZeneca, Bayer/Onyx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cancer Support Community, Celgene, Clarient, Clovis Oncology, Genentech/Roche, Gilead Sciences, Lilly/ImClone, Merck, Novocure, Pfizer, Regeneron, Takeda; research funding—Advantagene (institution), Amgen, ARIAD (institution), AstraZeneca, Celgene (institution), Clovis Oncology (institution), Genentech/Roche (institution), GlaxoSmithKline (institution), Incyte, Inovio Pharmaceuticals (institution), Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, Lilly, Merck (institution), Stem CentRx (institution), Trizell (institution). J.K.: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Hutchison Medipharma/Syneos Health, Sumitomo Dainippon/Paraexel, Tempest Therapeutics, Merck/NSABP (National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project) Foundation, Ignyta/Qintiles, Tempest Therapeutics/ICON, AstraZeneca/NSABP Foundation, AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Mayo Clinic, MedImmune, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo/Syneos Health, Xencor, Amgen Inc., Merck, Gilead Sciences, Janssen. S.P.: honoraria—Aptitude Health (institution), IntegrityCE; consulting or advisory role—AstraZeneca (institution), G1 Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals (institution), Pfizer; travel, accommodations, expenses—Dava Oncology. P.C.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc.; patents, royalties, other intellectual property—Amgen. E.C.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc. T.V.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc. L.M.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc. A.A.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc. Q.T.: employee and stockholder—Amgen Inc. D.S.H.: stock and other ownership interests—MolecularMatch, OncoResponse, Telperian; consulting or advisory role—Acuta, Adaptimmune, Alkermes, Alphasights, Amgen, AUM Biosciences, Axiom Biotechnologies, Baxter, Bayer, Boxer Capital, Bridgebio, COG, Cor2Ed, Cowen, EcoR1 Capital, Genentech, Gennao Bio, Gerson Lehrman Group, Gilead Sciences, GroupH, Guidepoint Global, HCW Precision, Immunogen, Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Liberum, MedaCorp, Medscape, Numab, Oncologia Brasil, Pfizer, Pharma Intelligence, Precision Oncology Experimental Therapeutics, Prime Oncology, RAIN, STCube, Takeda, Tavistock Life Sciences, Trieza Therapeutics, Turning Point Therapeutics, WebMD, YingLing Pharma, ZIOPHARM Oncology; research funding—AbbVie (institution), Adaptimmune (institution), Adlai Nortye (institution), Amgen (institution), AstraZeneca (institution), Bayer (institution), Bristol-Myers Squibb (institution), Daiichi-Sankyo (institution), Deciphera (institution), Eisai (institution), Endeavor BioMedicines (institution), Erasca Inc. (institution), F. Hoffmann LaRoche (institution), Fate Therapeutics (institution), Genentech (institution), Genmab (institution), Ignyta (institution), Infinity Pharmaceuticals (institution), Kite, a Gilead Company (institution), Kyowa (institution), Lilly (institution), Loxo (institution), MedImmune (institution), Merck (institution), Mirati Therapeutics (institution), Mologen (institution), National Cancer Institute (institution), Navire (institution), Novartis (institution), Numab (institution), Pfizer (institution), Pyramid Biosciences (institution), Seagen (institution), Takeda (institution), TCR2 Therapeutics (institution), Teckro (institution), Turning Point Therapeutics (institution), VM Pharma (institution); travel, accommodations, expenses—American Association for Cancer Research, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Bayer Schering Pharma, Genmab, Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, Telperian.