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Article History

Received: 4 July 2023

Accepted: 9 January 2024

First Online: 13 February 2024

Competing interests

: B.B. has received grants or funds from Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Ellipse Pharma, EISAI, Genmab, Genzyme Corporation, Hedera Dx, Inivata, IPSEN, Janssen, MSD, Pharmamar, Roche-Genentech, Sanofi, Socar Research, Tahio Oncology and Turning Point Therapeutics. E.P.-T. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda and Sanofi. K.P. has participated in an advisory council or committee (steering committee) for and received grants or funds (out of this study) from AstraZeneca. S.H. has participated in advisory boards for MSD, Roche and AstraZeneca, and has received institutional grants or funds from AstraZeneca, GSK, Chiesi and Menarini Pharma. P.M.F. has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Merck, Genentech, G1, F Star, Regeneron, Janssen, Sanofi, Amgen, Fosun, Teva, Synthekine, Flame, Iteos and Tavotek, and grants or funds from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Regeneron, Novartis and BioNTech. M.J.H. has participated in advisory councils or committees for Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, MSD, Lilly and Roche. M.M.A. has performed consulting or advisory roles with Merck, Pfizer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Foundation Medicine, Novartis, Gritstone Oncology, Mirati Therapeutics, EMD Serono, AstraZeneca, Instil Bio, Regeneron and Janssen, and has received institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Lilly, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Amgen and Affini-T Therapeutics. M.T. has participated in advisory councils or committees for and received honoraria and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, Takeda, Pfizer, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim, and has received grants or funds from AstraZeneca, Roche and Takeda. G.G. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca. P.W.-P. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Roche, Novartis, Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer, and has received honoraria from Bayer, Sanofi and Merck. F.A.S. has participated in advisory boards for and received honoraria and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, and their institution has received clinical trial payments from AstraZeneca. M.F. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb and Takeda, has received honoraria from AstraZeneca and Bristol Myers Squibb, and has received grants or funds from AstraZeneca. P.C. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca and Novartis, received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eli Lilly, GSK, Merck, Sanofi and Amgen, and received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Amgen, Pfizer, Novartis and Merck. Q.S.C.C. has received honoraria and consulting fees from Abbvie, Amgen, AnHeart, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Esperas Pharma, Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceutical, Janssen/Johnson and Johnson, Merck, Novartis, Ocellaris, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda. S.-W.K. has no conflicts of interest to declare. D.M. has received consulting fees from Abbvie, Arcus, Mirati and Lilly, and grants or funds from Merck, AstraZeneca, Incyte, Bristol Myers Squibb, Surface, Epicentrx, Boehringer Ingelheim, Y-mabs, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer and Novartis. M.L.J. has received institutional research funding from AbbVie, Acerta, Adaptimmune, Amgen, Apexigen, Arcus Biosciences, Array BioPharma, Artios Pharma, AstraZeneca, Atreca, BeiGene, BerGenBio, BioAtla, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Carisma Therapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Corvus Pharmaceuticals, Curis, CytomX, Daiichi Sankyo, Dracen Pharmaceuticals, Dynavax, Lilly, Elicio Therapeutics, EMD Serono, EQRx, Erasca, Exelixis, Fate Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Genmab, Genocea Biosciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Gritstone Oncology, Guardant Health, Harpoon, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Hengrui Therapeutics, Hutchison MediPharma, IDEAYA Biosciences, IGM Biosciences, Immunitas Therapeutics, Immunocore, Incyte, Janssen, Jounce Therapeutics, Kadmon Pharmaceuticals, Kartos Therapeutics, Loxo Oncology, Lycera, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, Merck, Merus, Mirati Therapeutics, Mythic Therapeutics, NeoImmune Tech, Neovia Oncology, Novartis, Numab Therapeutics, Nuvalent, OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Palleon Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, PMV Pharmaceuticals, Rain Therapeutics, RasCal Therapeutics, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Relay Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines, Ribon Therapeutics, Rubius Therapeutics, Sanofi, Seven and Eight Biopharmaceuticals/Birdie Biopharmaceuticals, Shattuck Labs, Silicon Therapeutics, Stem CentRx, Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Tarveda, TCR2 Therapeutics, Tempest Therapeutics, Tizona Therapeutics, TMUNITY Therapeutics, Turning Point Therapeutics, University of Michigan, Vyriad, WindMIL Therapeutics and Y-mAbs Therapeutics; and has received institutional payments for consulting or advisory roles for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcus Biosciences, Arrivent, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Black Diamond, Boehringer Ingelheim, Calithera Biosciences, Daiichi Sankyo, EcoR1, Genentech/Roche, Genmab, Genocea Biosciences, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Gritstone Oncology, Ideaya Biosciences, Immunocore, iTeos, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Molecular Axiom, Normunity, Novartis, Oncorus, Pyramid Biosciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Revolution Medicines, Sanofi-Aventis, SeaGen, Synthekine, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Turning Point Therapeutics and VBL Therapeutics. S.C. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD and Sanofi. D.-W.K. has received research funding to their institution from Alpha Biopharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca/Medimmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bridge BioTherapeutics, Chong Keun Dang, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Hanmi, InnoN, Janssen, Merck, Merus, Mirati Therapeutics, MSD, Novartis, ONO Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Takeda, TP Therapeutics, Xcovery and Yuhan, and has received medical writing assistance from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bridge BioTherapeutics, Chong Keun Dang, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Janssen, Merus, Mirati Therapeutics, MSD, Meck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Takeda and Yuhan. M.T.M. has participated in advisory councils or committees for MSD, Takeda, Bayer, Amgen and Novartis, has received honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Roche and AbbVie, has received consulting fees from MSD and AstraZeneca, and has received grants or funds from AstraZeneca. D.V. has received honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Novartis, Roche and Daichii. B.A., R.H., H.J.A., S.K., A.R., D.L.R., M.R.K., J.P.C., J.C.B., E.D., R.K., M.D., P.J.J., S.I., S.T.B. and J.C. are employees of and may own stock/shares in AstraZeneca. D.L.R. owns stocks or shares in Myriad Genetics. J.V.H. has participated in advisory councils or committees for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hengrui Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Spectrum, Sanofi, Takeda, Mirati Therapeutics, Janssen Global Services and Leads Biolabs, has received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, EMD Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Hengrui Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Spectrum, Sanofi, Takeda, Mirati Therapeutics, Janssen Global Services, Leads Biolabs and Boehringer Ingelheim, has received grants or funds from AstraZeneca, Spectrum, Boehringer Ingelheim and Takeda, and has received licensing fees from Spectrum.