Colhoun, Helen M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-3288
Lingvay, Ildiko http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-7401
Brown, Paul M.
Deanfield, John
Brown-Frandsen, Kirstine
Kahn, Steven E.
Plutzky, Jorge http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7194-9876
Node, Koichi http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-0939
Parkhomenko, Alexander http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3563-9627
Rydén, Lars
Wilding, John P. H. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-8404
Mann, Johannes F. E.
Tuttle, Katherine R. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2235-0103
Idorn, Thomas
Rathor, Naveen
Lincoff, A. Michael http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8175-2121
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novo Nordisk A/S
Article History
Received: 25 March 2024
Accepted: 24 April 2024
First Online: 25 May 2024
Competing interests
: P.M.B. declares being an employee of and stakeholder in Novo Nordisk. H.M.C. declares serving on advisory panels for Novo Nordisk and Bayer; receiving research funding from Sanofi, Roche and IQVIA; receiving grants from the Chief Scientist Office, Diabetes UK, the European Commission, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation and the Medical Research Council (MRC); serving on a speaker’s bureau for Novo Nordisk; and holding stock in Roche and Bayer. J.D. declares having received consulting honoraria from Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Pfizer, Aegerion, Novartis, Sanofi, Takeda, Novo Nordisk and Bayer and research grants from the British Heart Foundation, the MRC, the National Institute for Health and Care Research, Public Health England, Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Pfizer, Aegerion, Colgate and Roche. K.B.-F. declares being an employee of and stockholder in Novo Nordisk. S.E.K., for the period over which SELECT was conducted, declares receiving advisory board/consulting fees from AltPep, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Casma Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Intarcia, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Oramed, Pfizer and Third Rock Ventures. T.I. declares being an employee of and stockholder in Novo Nordisk. I.L. declares having received research grants from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Mylan Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi US Services; service as a consultant for AstraZeneca, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Biomea Fusion, Boehringer Ingelheim, Carmot, Eli Lilly, Intarcia, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Global Services, Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices & Diagnostics Group–Latin America, MannKind Corporation, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi US Services, Shionogi, Structure Therapeutics, Target Pharma, Valeritas and Zealand Pharma A/S; and having received travel expenses from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson Medical Devices & Diagnostics Group– Latin America, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi US Services and Zealand Pharma A/S. A.M.L. declares having received honoraria from Akebia, Alnylam, Ardelyx, Becton Dickinson, Brainstorm Cell, Eli Lilly, Endologix, FibroGen, GlaxoSmithKline, Intarcia, Medtronic, Neovasc, Novo Nordisk, Provention Bio and ReCor and consulting activities and research funding to his institution from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, CSL Behring, Eli Lilly, Esperion and Novartis. J.F.E.M. reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Braun, ACI and Fresenius; grants and personal fees from Celgene; personal fees from Gambro; grants from the European Union and McMaster University (Canada); grants and personal fees from AbbVie; personal fees from Medice; grants and personal fees from Novo Nordisk, Roche and Sandoz; and personal fees from Lanthio, Sanifit, Relypsa and ZS Pharma, all outside the submitted work. K.N. declares having received honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer Yakuhin, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly Japan, Kowa, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, MSD, Novartis Pharma, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Otsuka and Tsumura; research grants from Astellas, Bayer Yakuhin, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Fuji Yakuhin, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical and Novartis Pharma; and scholarships from Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Daiichi Sankyo, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and Teijin Pharma. A.P. declares having received research grants and personal fees during the study from Novo Nordisk. J.P. declares having received consulting honoraria from Altimmune, Amgen, Esperion Therapeutics, Merck, MJH Life Sciences, Novartis and Novo Nordisk and having received a grant, paid to his institution, from Boehringer Ingelheim. J.P. also holds the position of Director, Preventive Cardiology, at Brigham and Women’s Hospital. L.R. declares research grants from Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, the Erling Persson Foundation, Novo Nordisk and the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation and lecture/consultant honoraria from Bayer, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. N.R. declares being an employee of and stockholder in Novo Nordisk. K.R.T. declares receiving research grants from the National Institutes of Health and Travere Therapeutics and consultancy and/or speaker fees from Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. J.P.H.W. is contracted via the University of Liverpool (no personal payment) to undertake consultancy for Altimmune, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytoki, Eli Lilly, Napp, Novo Nordisk, Menarini, Pfizer, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Saniona, Tern, Shionogi and Ysopia and declares personal honoraria/lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Medscape, Menarini, Napp, Novo Nordisk and Rhythm.