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Authors
Sun, Kaiyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-9884
Bhiman, Jinal N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6354-4003
Tempia, Stefano
Kleynhans, Jackie
Madzorera, Vimbai Sharon
Mkhize, Qiniso
Kaldine, Haajira
McMorrow, Meredith L.
Wolter, Nicole https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-0133
Moyes, Jocelyn
Carrim, Maimuna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2717-5540
Martinson, Neil A.
Kahn, Kathleen
Lebina, Limakatso
du Toit, Jacques D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0168
Mkhencele, Thulisa
von Gottberg, Anne https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-7455
Viboud, Cécile https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-4711
Moore, Penny L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8719-4028
Cohen, Cheryl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-2302
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Buys, Amelia
Carrim, Maimuna
de Gouveia, Linda
du Plessis, Mignon
du Toit, Jacques
Gómez-Olivé, Francesc Xavier
Kgasago, Kgaugelo Patricia
Kotane, Retshidisitswe
McMorrow, Meredith L.
Moloantoa, Tumelo
Tollman, Stephen
von Gottberg, Anne
Wafawanaka, Floidy
Wolter, Nicole
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV-030570)
Wellcome Trust (226137/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (226137/Z/22/Z)
Wellcome Trust (221003/Z/20/Z)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (6 U01IP001048)
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2023
Accepted: 11 June 2024
First Online: 26 July 2024
Competing interests
: C.C. has received grant support from Sanofi Pasteur, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Taskforce for Global Health, the Wellcome Trust and the South African Medical Research Council. A.v.G. has received grant support from Sanofi Pasteur, Pfizer related to pneumococcal vaccine, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. N.W. reports grants from Sanofi Pasteur and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. N.A.M. has received an institutional grant from Pfizer to conduct research in patients with pneumonia and from Roche to collect specimens to assess a novel tuberculosis assay. J.M. has received grant support from Sanofi Pasteur. The other authors declare no competing interests.
: The PHIRST-C protocol was approved by the University of Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee (ref. 150808), and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Institutional Review Board relied on the local review (no. 6840). The protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 6 August 2015 and updated on 30 December 2020 ( ). Participants receive grocery store vouchers of ZAR50 (USD 3) per visit to compensate for time required for specimen collection and interview. All participants provided written informed consent for study participation. For minors, consent was obtained from the parent or guardian.
