Zannad, Faiez https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7456-1570
Sanyal, Arun J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-5748
Butler, Javed
Miller, Veronica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-3224
Harrison, Stephen A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-2204
Article History
Received: 12 April 2024
Accepted: 30 July 2024
First Online: 3 September 2024
Change Date: 12 June 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-03818-0
Competing interests
: F.Z.: consulting fees from Applied Therapeutics, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Scientific, Cardior Pharmaceuticals, Cereno Scientific, Cellprothera, CVRx, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and Servier and is the co-founder of cardiorenal and the founder of CVCT. A.J.S.: institutional research grants from Conatus, Gilead, Mallinckrodt, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Fractyl Health, Madrigal, Inventiva Pharma and Covance; research grants or contracts from Gilead, Mallinckrodt, Salix, Novartis, Galectin, Bristol Myers Squibb and Sequana Medical; royalties or licenses from Elsevier and UpToDate; consulting fees from Genfit, Gilead, Mallinckrodt, Pfizer, Salix, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, HemoShear Therapeutics, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Terns, Albireo Pharma, Jansen, Poxel, 89bio, Siemens, NGM Bio, Amgen, Regeneron, Genentech, Alnylam, Roche, Madrigal, Inventiva Pharma, Covance, ProSciento, HistoIndex and Path AI; an unpaid consultancy for Intercept, Sequana, Fractyl Health and AstraZeneca; a leadership role on board of Sanyal Bio (president, unpaid); stock or stock options from Sanyal Bio, Genfit, Exhalenz Bioscience, HemoShear Therapeutics, Durect, Indalo Therapeutics, NorthSea Therapeutics, Tiziana Life Sciences and Rivus Pharmaceuticals; receipt of equipment, materials or drugs from Contaus Pharmaceuticals, Immuron and Echosens-Sandhill; ongoing research collaborations (no direct funding) with Echosens-Sandhill, Owl Pharma, Second Genome, and Siemens; and employment with Sanyal Bio. J.B.: consulting fees from 3ivelabs, Abbott, Amgen, American Regent, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cardiac Dimension, Cardior, CVRx, Cytokinetics, Edwards Life Sciences, Element, Faraday, G3 Pharmaceutical, Imbria, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen, LivaNova, Lexicon, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Occlutech, PharmaCosmos, Roche, Sanofi, Secretome, Sequana, Tricog and Vifor; and payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations or speakers bureaus from Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim-Lilly, AstraZeneca and Impulse Dynamics. V.M.: received institutional research grants from 89bio, Akero Therapeutics Inc., Albireo Pharma Inc., Aligos Therapeutics, Alimentiv, AlloVir, Altimmune Inc., AMRA Medical AB, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Assembly Biosciences, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., ChemomAb Ltd., Covance Inc., Cymabay Therapeutics, DDL Diagnostic Laboratory, Dynavax Technologies, E-Scopics, EA Pharma Co. LTD, Echosens, Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly & Company, ENYO Pharma SA, Galectin Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences Inc., GlaxoSmithKline PLC, HepQuant, High Tide Therapeutics, Histolndex, Icare USA, Immunocore, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva Pharma, Janssen, LabCorp, LG Chem Life Sciences, Andos Therapeutics Inc., Merck & Company, Inc., NorthSea Therapeutics, Novartis Pharma AG, Novo Nordisk, Oncoustics, Pharmanest, Pliant Therapeutics, Qiagen Sciences, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, VBI Vaccines Inc., Vir Biotechnology Inc. and Virion Therapeutics LLC. S.A.H.: grants or contracts from Akero, Altimmune, Axcella, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corcept, CymaBay Therapeutics, Enyo, Galectin, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Hepion, Hightide, Immuron, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Madrigal, NGM Bio, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, NorthSea Therapeutics, Pfizer, Poxel, Sagimet Biosciences, Terns and Viking; consulting fees from Akero, Aligos, Altimmune, Arrowhead, Boxer Capital, Chronwell, Echosens, Foresite Labs, Galectin, Galecto, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Hepagene, Hepion, Hepta Bio, HistoIndex, Humana, Intercept, Ionis, Inventiva, Madrigal, Medpace, Merck, NeuroBo Pharmaceuticals, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer, Sonic Incytes, Sagimet Biosciences, Terns and Viking; and stock or stock options from Akero, Altimmune, Axcella, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corcept, CymaBay Therapeutics, Enyo, Galectin, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Hepion, Hightide, Immuron, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Madrigal, NGM Bio, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, NorthSea Therapeutics, Pfizer, Poxel, Sagimet Biosciences, Terns and Viking.