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Article History

Received: 7 August 2024

Accepted: 23 August 2024

First Online: 14 September 2024

Competing interests

: J.L.M. reports institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Seagen, Sermonix and Olema and advisory and consulting roles with Pfizer, Seagen, Sermonix, Novartis, Stemline, AstraZeneca, Olema, GlaxoSmithKline and GE Healthcare. C.Y. reports institutional research grant from NCI/NIH; salary support and travel reimbursement from QLHC; a United States patent titled ‘Breast cancer response prediction subtypes’ (no. 18/174,491); and University of California Inventor Share. H.S.R. reports institutional research support from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., F. Hoffmann–La Roche AG/Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Lilly; Merck and Co., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer, Stemline Therapeutics, OBI Pharma, Ambrx, Greenwich Pharma; and advisory and consulting roles with Chugai, Puma, Sanofi, Napo and Mylan. R.N. reports research funding from Arvinas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Corcept Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Gilead, GSK, Merck, Novartis, OBI Pharma, OncoSec, Pfizer, Relay, Seattle Genetics, Sun Pharma and Taiho and advisory roles with AstraZeneca, BeyondSpring, Daiichi Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Fujifilm, GE, Gilead, Guardant Health, Infinity, iTeos, Merck, Moderna, Novartis, OBI, OncoSec, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seagen and Stemline. M.D. reports research grants from NIH/NCI and NIH/NIA, and contracts from PCORI. A.J.C. reports institutional research funding from Merck, Amgen, Puma, Seagen, Pfizer and Olema and advisory roles with AstraZeneca and Genentech. A.Z. reports institutional research funding from Merck, honoraria for Medscape and participation on Pfizer Advisory Board. A.S.C. reports institutional research funding from Novartis and Lilly. A.D.E. reports support from Scorpion, Infinity and Deciphera. E.S.-R. reports grants from V Foundation, NIH, Susan G. Komen; institutional research funding from GSK, Seagen, Pfizer, Lilly; consulting and honoraria from Novartis, Merck, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Lilly; Cancer Awareness Network Board member and support from ASCO and NCCN. J.C.B. reports institutional research funding from Eli Lilly and SymBioSis, participation on the Data Safety Monitoring Committee of Cairn Surgical and honoraria from PER, PeerView, OncLive, EndoMag and UpToDate. C.V. reports institutional research funding from Pfizer, Seagen, H3 Biomedicine/Eisai, AstraZeneca, CytomX; research funding to previous institution from Genentech, Roche, Pfizer, Incyte, Pharmacyclics, Novartis, TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Innocrin Pharmaceuticals, Zymeworks and H3 Biomedicine; advisory and consulting roles with Guidepoint, Novartis, Seagen, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca and Cardinal Health; unpaid consulting with Genentech; and participation in non-CME activity with Gilead, AstraZeneca. C.O. reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Guardant Health and Jazz Pharmaceuticals. K.S.A. reports institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Seattle Genetics and QLHC; Independent Data and Safety Monitoring committee at Seattle Genetics. K.M.K. reports advisory and consultant roles for Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Puma, 4D Pharma, OncoSec, Immunomedics, Merck, Seagen, Mersana, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Myovant, Takeda, Biotheranostics, Regor, Gilead, Prelude Therapeutics, RayzeBio, eFFECTOR Therapeutics and Cullinan Oncology; and reports institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo and Ascentage. C.I. reports institutional research funding from Tesaro/GSK, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, BMS, Genentech, Novartis and Regeneron; consultancy roles with AstraZeneca, Genentech, Gilead, ION, Merck, Medscape, MJH Holdings, Novartis, Pfizer, Puma and Seagen; and royalties from Wolters Kluwer (UptoDate) and McGraw Hill (Goodman and Gillman). J.T. serves as institutional principal investigator for clinical trial with Intuitive Surgical; editor lead for ABS, CGSO, SCORE, Breast Education Committee Track Leader, ASCO SESAP 19 and Breast Co-Chair, ACS. A.T. owns stock at Johnson and Johnsons, Gilead, Bristol Myers Squibb, reports participation on Pfizer Advisory Board: AstraZeneca and reports institutional research funding from Merck and Sanofi and royalties from UptoDate. R.B. reports a consultancy role at Genentech and stock ownership at Cerus Corp. K.Y. received research support unrelated to this work and paid to the institution from Pfizer, Gilead, Seagen, Dantari Pharmaceuticals, Treadwell Therapeutics, and Relay Therapeutics; support from American Cancer Society IRG grant no. IRG-19-230-48-IRG, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Specialized Cancer Center support grant NIH/NCI P30CA023100, Curebound Discovery Award (2023, 2024). T.S. reports honoraria from Hologic. L.P. reports institutional research funding from Susan Komen Foundation, Breast Cancer Research Foundation, NCI, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Menarini/Stemline, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck and Co.; consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Merck, Novartis, Genentech, Natera, Personalis, Exact Sciences and Stemline/Menarini; patent titled ‘Method of measuring residual cancer and predicting patient survival’ (no. 7711494); and Data and Safety Monitoring Board member of the DYNASTY Breast02, OPTIMA and PARTNER trials. M.S.T. reports institutional research funding from Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Phoenix Molecular Designs, AstraZeneca, Regeneron, Merck and Novartis. A.L.A., P.B. and P.N. are employees of QLHC. G.L.H. reports institutional research grant from NIH (1R01CA255442). W.F.S. reports shares of IONIS Pharmaceuticals and Eiger Biopharmaceuticals, received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, is a cofounder with equity in Delphi Diagnostics and issued patents for (1) a method to calculate residual cancer burden and (2) genomic signature to measure sensitivity to endocrine therapy. J.P. reports honoraria from Methods in Clinical Research—faculty SCION workshop; support from ASCO and advocate scholarship; AACR—SSP program; VIVLI, U Wisc SPORE—EAB, QuantumLEAD—COVID DSMB, PCORI—reviewer and I-SPY advocate lead. P.P. reports institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Fabre-Kramer, Advanced Cancer Therapeutics, Caris Centers of Excellence, Pfizer, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Cascadian Therapeutics, Bolt, Byondis, Seagen, Orum Therapeutics and Carisma Therapeutics; consulting fees from Personalized Cancer Therapy, OncoPlex Diagnostics, Immunonet BioSciences, Pfizer, HERON, Puma Biotechnology, Sirtex, CARIS Life sciences, Juniper, Bolt Biotherapeutics and AbbVie; honoraria from DAVA Oncology, OncLive/MJH Life Sciences, Frontiers—publisher, SABCS and ASCO; Speakers’ Bureau: Genentech/Roche (past); United States patent no. 8486413, United States patent no. 8501417, United States patent no. 9023362, United States patent no. 9745377; uncompensated roles with Pfizer, Seagen and Jazz. R.A.S. reports institutional research funding from OBI Pharma, QLHC, AstraZeneca and Gilead, serves on AstraZeneca and Stemline Advisory Boards and Gilead Speaker’s Bureau and reports consultancy role with QLHC. A.D. reports institutional research funding from Novartis, Pfizer, Genentech and NeoGenomics; Program Chair, Scientific Advisory Committee, ASCO. D.Y. reports research funding from NIH/NCI P30 CA 077598, P01 CA234228-01 and R01CA251600, consulting fees from Martell Diagnostics, and honoraria and travel for speaking at the ‘International Breast Cancer Conference.’ L.J.v.V. is a founding advisor and shareholder of Exai Bio and is a part-time employee and owns stock in Agendia. N.M.H. reports institutional research funding from NIH. L.J.E. reports funding from Merck and Co., participation on an advisory board for Blue Cross Blue Shield and personal fees from UpToDate and is an unpaid board member of QLHC. The other authors declare no competing interests.