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Article History

Received: 7 August 2024

Accepted: 23 August 2024

First Online: 14 September 2024

Competing interests

: R.A.S. reports institutional research funding from OBI Pharma, QLHC, AstraZeneca and Gilead; serves on AstraZeneca and Stemline Advisory Boards and Gilead Speaker’s Bureau; and has a consultancy role with QLHC. M.S.T. reports institutional research funding from Lilly, Gilead Sciences, Phoenix Molecular Designs, AstraZeneca, Regeneron, Merck and Novartis. C.Y. reports institutional research grant from NCI/NIH; salary support and travel reimbursement from QLHC; US patent titled, ‘Breast cancer response prediction subtypes’ (no. 18/174,491); and University of California Inventor Share. R.N. reports research funding from Arvinas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Corcept Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Gilead, GSK, Merck, Novartis, OBI Pharma, OncoSec, Pfizer, Relay, Seattle Genetics, Sun Pharma and Taiho Oncology and advisory roles with AstraZeneca, BeyondSpring, Daiichi Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Fujifilm, GE, Gilead, Guardant Health, Infinity, iTeos, Merck, Moderna, Novartis, OBI, OncoSec, Pfizer, Sanofi, Seagen and Stemline. H.S.R. reports institutional research support from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG/Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Lilly, Merck & Co., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer, Stemline Therapeutics, OBI Pharma, Ambrx and Greenwich Pharma and has advisory and consulting roles with Chugai, Puma, Sanofi, Napo and Mylan. M.D. reports research grants from NIH/NCI and NIH/NIA, and contracts from PCORI. A.J.C. reports institutional research funding from Merck, Amgen, Puma, Seagen, Pfizer and Olema and has advisory roles with AstraZeneca and Genentech. E.S.-R. reports grants from V Foundation, NIH and Susan G. Komen; institutional research funding from GSK, Seagen, Pfizer and Lilly; and consulting and honoraria from Novartis, Merck, Seagen, AstraZeneca and Lilly; is a Cancer Awareness Network Board member and receives support from ASCO and NCCN. J.C.B. reports institutional research funding from Eli Lilly and SymBioSis, participation on the Data Safety Monitoring Committee of Cairn Surgical and honoraria from PER, PeerView, OncLive, EndoMag and UpToDate. C.O. reports consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Guardant Health and Jazz Pharmaceuticals. K.K. reports advisory and consultant roles for Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Puma, 4D Pharma, OncoSec, Immunomedics, Merck, Seagen, Mersana, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Myovant, Takeda, Biotheranostics, Regor, Gilead, Prelude Therapeutics, RayzeBio, eFFECTOR Therapeutics and Cullinan Oncology and reports institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Novartis, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo and Ascentage. A.D.E. reports support from Scorpion, Infinity and Deciphera. C.V. reports institutional research funding from Pfizer, Seagen, H3 Biomedicine/Eisai, AstraZeneca and CytomX; research funding to their previous institution from Genentech, Roche, Pfizer, Incyte, Pharmacyclics, Novartis, TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Innocrin Pharmaceuticals, Zymeworks and H3 Biomedicine; advisory and consulting roles with Guidepoint, Novartis, Seagen, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca and Cardinal Health; unpaid consulting with Genentech; and participation in non-CME activity with Gilead and AstraZeneca. N.W. reports participation on Gilead’s Advisory Board and honoraria from OncLive, NCCN and Total Health Conferencing. K.S.A. reports institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Seattle Genetics, QLHC and the IDSM committee at Seattle Genetics. A.S.C. reports institutional research funding from Novartis and Lilly. C.F. reports honoraria from Curio Science and OncLive and institutional research funding from Eli Lily. C.I. reports institutional research funding from Tesaro/GSK, Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, BMS, Genentech, Novartis and Regeneron; consultancy roles with AstraZeneca, Genentech, Gilead, ION, Merck, Medscape, MJH Holdings, Novartis, Pfizer, Puma and Seagen; and royalties from Wolters Kluwer (UpToDate) and McGraw Hill (Goodman and Gilman). A.T. owns stock at Johnson & Johnson, Gilead, Bristol Myers Squibb; reports participation on Pfizer’s Advisory Board: AstraZeneca; reports institutional research funding from Merck and Sanofi; and has royalties from UpToDate. J.T. serves as institutional principal investigator for clinical trial with Intuitive Surgical and is the Editor Lead for ABS, CGSO, SCORE, Breast Education Committee Track Leader, ASCO SESAP 19 and Breast Co-Chair, ACS. K.Y. received research support unrelated to this work and paid to the institution from Pfizer, Gilead, Seagen, Dantari Pharmaceuticals, Treadwell Therapeutics and Relay Therapeutics and support from American Cancer Society IRG grant (no. IRG-19-230-48-IRG), UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, Specialized Cancer Center support grant NIH/NCI (P30CA023100) and Curebound Discovery Award (2023, 2024). L.H. reports advisory and consultancy roles with Pfizer, and AstraZeneca. K.G. reports participation in advisory boards with honoraria to the institution from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Puma Biotechnologies, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Exact Sciences, NeoGenomics and TerSera Therapeutics. F.M.H. reports consultancy for Novartis. T.S. reports honoraria from Hologic. A.L.A., P.B. and P.N. are employees of QLHC. G.L.H. reports an institutional research grant from NIH (1R01CA255442). W.F.S. reports shares in IONIS Pharmaceuticals and Eiger Biopharmaceuticals; received consulting fees from AstraZeneca; is a cofounder with equity in Delphi Diagnostics; and issued patents for: (1) a method to calculate residual cancer burden, and (2) genomic signature to measure sensitivity to endocrine therapy. J.P. reports honoraria from Methods in Clinical Research (Faculty SCION Workshop) and support from ASCO and Advocate Scholarship; AACR (SSP Program); and VIVLI, U Wisc SPORE (EAB), QuantumLEAD (COVID DSMB), PCORI; is a reviewer; and is an I-SPY advocate lead. P.P. reports institutional research funding from Genentech/Roche, Fabre-Kramer, Advanced Cancer Therapeutics, Caris Centers of Excellence, Pfizer, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Cascadian Therapeutics, Bolt, Byondis, Seagen, Orum Therapeutics and Carisma Therapeutics; consulting fees from Personalized Cancer Therapy, OncoPlex Diagnostics, Immunonet BioSciences, Pfizer, HERON, Puma Biotechnology, Sirtex, Caris Life Sciences, Juniper, Bolt Biotherapeutics and AbbVie; honoraria from Dava Oncology, OncLive/MJH Life Sciences, Frontiers (Publisher), SABCS and ASCO; Speakers’ Bureau: Genentech/Roche (past); and US patent no. 8,486,413, US patent no. 8,501,417, US patent no. 9,023,362 and US patent no. 9,745,377; and uncompensated roles with Pfizer, Seagen and Jazz. A.D.M. reports institutional research funding from Novartis, Pfizer, Genentech and NeoGenomics and is a program chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee, ASCO. D.Y. reports research funding from NIH/NCI: P30CA 077598, P01CA234228-01 and R01CA251600; consulting fees from Martell Diagnostics; and honoraria and travel for speaking at the ‘International Breast Cancer Conference’. L.J.v.V. is a founding advisor and shareholder of Exai Bio and is a part-time employee and owns stock in Agendia. N.M.H. reports institutional research funding from NIH. L.J.E. reports funding from Merck & Co., participation on an advisory board for Blue Cross Blue Shield, and personal fees from UpToDate and is an unpaid board member of QLHC. All other authors declare no competing interests.