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Article History

Received: 3 September 2024

Accepted: 30 September 2024

First Online: 25 October 2024

Competing interests

: E.M., F.W., J.M.C., M.L.-M., J.V., K.H. and A.v.d.A. report no conflicts of interest. J.L.G. declares funding to conduct clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk (all to the INCLIVA Research Institute); consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk; and payment of honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Bayer, Menarini, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly. N.J. received travel support from AstraZeneca. S.C.G. declares funding to conduct clinical trials from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novo Nordisk (all to the FIDES Research Foundation) and payment of honoraria for lectures from AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Baxter, Chiesi, ChemoCentrix, Clarion and Boehringer Ingelheim. M.J.P. received board speaker fees and travel expenses from AstraZeneca, NovoNordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Bayer and Menarini. G.D.L. received lecture fees from Sanofi, AstraZeneca and Janssen and has served as a consultant for AbbVie, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Merck Sharp & Dohme. A.v.B. declares being contracted via the University of Groningen (no personal payment) to undertake consultancy for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim. D.Z.I.C. has received honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, AbbVie, Janssen, Bayer, Prometic, Bristol Myers Squibb, Maze, Gilead, CSL-Behring, Otsuka, Novartis, Youngene and Novo Nordisk and has received operational funding for clinical trials from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck, Janssen, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, CSL-Behring and Novo Nordisk. S.B.A. reports no conflicts of interest. She receives research support from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. R.E.S. received grants to the institution from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim and NovoNordisk and speaker and advisor honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Servier and TAD. C.W. has received grants and served on steering committees for Boehringer Ingelheim; served on advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Bayer; and received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk and Bayer. H.J.L.H. is a consultant for AstraZeneca, Alexion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, CSL-Behring, DIMERIX, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Travere Pharmaceuticals and VIFOR Pharma. He received research support through his institution from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen and Novo Nordisk. He received lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer and Novo Nordisk.