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Article History

Received: 28 June 2024

Accepted: 22 November 2024

First Online: 7 January 2025

Competing interests

: D.D., C.M., J.C.D. and M.F. have an equity stake in InBrain Pharma. A.D. and M.F. are employees of InBrain Pharma. C.M. has received grants from the France Parkinson charity and honoraria from Orkyn, Apopharma and Boston Scientific for consultancy and lectures on Parkinson’s disease at symposia. C.M. is CMO of Feetme and holds stakes in InBrain Pharma and InVenis Biotherapies. P.O. is the director of the pharmaceutical department of the University Hospital of Lille and leads the research group on injectable forms and associated technologies. As such, P.O. has signed contracts with many pharmaceutical companies. All contracts are signed by delegations from the University of Lille or CHU Lille. There are no personal contracts. D.D. has received PHRC grants from the French Ministry of Health (PHRC and ANR), European grants (H2020 and Coen) and research funding from the ARSLA charity, France; Parkinson charity; Fondation Credit Agricole, and Fondation de France. He has served on advisory boards, served as a consultant and given lectures for pharmaceutical companies such as Abbvie, Alterity, Orkyn, Air Liquide, Elivie, Homeperf, Apopharma, Lundbeck, Everpharma, Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Everpharma, UCB Pharma, EISAI, Servier, PTC Therapeutics, Orion, AB Science, Alzprotect, Cajal Neuroscience and Cure Parkinson Trust. He holds stakes in InBrain Pharma and InVenis Biotherapies. G.T., N.R., C.B., D.L., N.C., B.P., F.M., B.G., K.D., L.C., A.S.R., D.D. and J.C.D. have nothing to declare.