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Article History

Received: 9 September 2024

Accepted: 7 February 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Competing interests

: R.S.H. declares board of directors for Immunocore; consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bolt Biotherapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Candel Therapeutics, Inc., Checkpoint Therapeutics, Cybrexa Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Genentech, Gilead, I-MAB Biopharma, Immune-Onc Therapeutics, Inc., Immunocore, Janssen, Merck and Company, Mirati Therapeutics, NextCure, Normunity, Novartis, Ocean Biomedical, Inc., Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Revelar Biotherapeutics, Inc., Roche, Sanofi, and Seattle Genetics; and funding from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, Genentech/Roche and Merck and Company. T.J. declares consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Ignyta, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Roche/Genentech, Seagen and Specialised Therapeutics; honoraria from AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Roche/Genentech; and travel and accommodation expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp and Dohme, and Roche. C.G. declares advisory board for AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp and Dohme; consulting fees and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and speaker’s bureau and travel, accommodation, expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Roche. J.W.G. declares consulting fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech, Gritstone bio, Janssen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Lilly, Pfizer, Puma Biotechnology, Regeneron and Turning Point Therapeutics; and funding from AbbVie, Advaxis, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Lilly, Pfizer and Spectrum Pharmaceuticals (to institution). T.K. declares funding from AbbVie, Amgen, ArriVent, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, Blueprint, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, Haihe, Janssen, Merck Biopharma, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron and Takeda; and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck Biopharma, and Merck Sharp and Dohme. K.L. declares consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Biocad, Pfizer and Roche; and speaker’s bureau from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Biocad, Pfizer, Roche and Swixx BioPharma. L.B. declares advisory board for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Roche, Merck Sharp and Dohme and Novartis; funding from AstraZeneca; and speaker’s bureau from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Lilly, Merck, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis and Roche. M. Tiseo declares consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche; and travel and accommodation expenses from Amgen and Takeda. M.M. declares consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Helsinn Therapeutics, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Sanofi and Takeda; funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb and Roche (to institution); and travel and accommodation expenses from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer and Roche. M.D. declares advisory board for AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer and Roche and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer and Roche. M.-J.A. declares advisory role for Alpha Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Merck, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co. Ltd., Roche, Takeda and Yuhan Corporation; and invited speaker for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Lilly, Merck, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Roche, Takeda and Yuhan Corporation. D.M.K. declares advisory board for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech and Takeda; and consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Johnson and Johnson/Janssen, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech and Takeda. M.P. declares consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, GSK, Gritstone bio, IPSEN, Janssen, Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Novocure, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi and Takeda; funding from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche and Takeda (to institution); other relationship with AstraZeneca; and travel and accommodation expenses from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda. V.S. declares consulting fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda; funding from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Roche and Takeda (to institution); invited speaker from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Takeda. M.Ӧ. declares advisory board for Astellas, Merck Sharp and Dohme and Regeneron/Sanofi; advisory role for AstraZeneca and Merck Sharp and Dohme; honoraria from Astellas, Janssen and Novartis; invited speaker for Regeneron (nonfinancial); local principal investigator for AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Regeneron and Roche; membership with ASCO and ESMO; and speaker’s bureau, steering committee member, and travel and accommodation, expenses from AstraZeneca. P.B. declares employment and stock/shares with AstraZeneca. A.M., Y.R. and C.M. declare employment and stock/shares with AstraZeneca. J.R. declares employment and stock/shares with AstraZeneca; inventor on patents held by UT MD Anderson Cancer Center licensed to Spectrum Pharmaceuticals for treatment of EGFR/HER2 exon 20 mutant cancers and inventor on patent held by UT MD Anderson Cancer Center regarding EGFR mutation subtypes and methods of treatment (nonfinancial). R.H. declares employment and stock/shares with AstraZeneca and inventor on patent US11066709B2 (nonfinancial). M. Tsuboi declares advisory role with AstraZeneca KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Merck Sharp and Dohme and Novartis; funding from AstraZeneca KK, Bristol Myers Squibb KK, Eli Lilly Japan, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Merck Sharp and Dohme, MiRXES and Novartis (to institution); and lecture fees from Amgen KK, AstraZeneca KK, Bristol Myers Squibb KK, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly Japan, Johnson and Johnson Japan, Medtronic Japan, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Taiho Pharma. Y.-L.W. declares consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche and Takeda; funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche and Pfizer (to institution); and honoraria from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, BeiGene Beijing, Hengrui Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer and Roche.