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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2025

First Online: 30 May 2025

Competing interests

: M.P. declares honoraria (Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Gerson Lehrman Group, CMC Contrast, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, Roche, BMJ Journals, MedMedia, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Lilly, Medahead, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Tocagen, Adastra, Gan & Leen Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Servier, Miltenyi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Telix and Medscape); consulting/advisory role (Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Gerson Lehrman Group, CMC Contrast, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, Roche, BMJ Journals, MedMedia, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Lilly, Medahead, Daiichi Sankyo, Sanofi, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Tocagen, Adastra, Gan & Leen Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Servier, Miltenyi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Telix and Medscape); and travel, accomodations and expenses (Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Mundipharma, Servier, Miltenyi, Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, MEDSIR, Boehringer Ingelheim, Telix and Medscape). M.G. declares honoraria (Novartis, Gilead, AstraZeneca and Pfizer); personal support for attending meetings and/or travel (Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Gilead); and honoraria for advisory board participation (Gilead, Novartis, AstraZeneca and Pfizer). R.G. declares stock or other ownership (Novo Nordisk and Lilly); honoraria (Celgene, Roche, Merck, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sandoz, AbbVie, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi); consulting/advisory role (Celgene, Novartis, Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Amgen, Merck, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo and Sanofi); research funding (Celgene, Roche, Merck, Takeda, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sandoz, AbbVie, Gilead and Daiichi Sankyo); and travel, accomodations and expenses (Roche, Amgen, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, AbbVie, Gilead and Daiichi Sankyo). A.L.-C. declares research support (Roche, Agendia, Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead and Daiichi Sankyo); consulting/advisory role (Lilly, Roche, Pfizer and Novartis); speaker’s bureaus (Lilly, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer and Novartis); travel support (Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Steamline Therapeutics and Merck Sharp & Dohme); patents (‘Her2 as a predictor of response to dual HER2 blockade in the absence of cytotoxic therapy’, US 2019/0338368 A1); and stock or other ownership (MAJ3 Capital and Initia Research). M.V. declares speaker grants (Pfizer, Novartis, Roche, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead, Seagen, Pierre Fabre, Eisai and Sanofi-Aventis) and investigation fund (Fundación Quirónsalud). J.C. declares consulting/advisory role (Roche, AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Leuko, Bioasis, Clovis Oncology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ellipses, Hibercell, BioInvent, Gemoab, Gilead, Menarini, Zymeworks, Reveal Genomics, Scorpion Therapeutics, Expres2ion Biotechnologies, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie, BridgeBio, BioNTech, Biocon, Circle Pharma, Delcath Systems and Hexagon Bio); honoraria (Roche, Novartis, Eisai, Pfizer, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Gilead and Steamline Therapeutics); research funding to institution (Roche, Ariad Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Baxalta Gmbh/Servier Affaires, Bayer Healthcare, Eisai, F. Hoffman-La Roche, Guardant Health, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Piqur Therapeutics, Iqvia and Queen Mary University of London); stock (MAJ3 Capital and Leuko (relative)); travel, accommodations and expenses (Roche, Novartis, Eisai, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Merck Sharp & Dohme and Steamline Therapeutics); and patents (‘Pharmaceutical combinations of a Pi3k inhibitor and a microtubule destabilizing agent’, WO 2014/199294A, and ‘Her2 as a predictor of response to dual HER2 blockade in the absence of cytotoxic therapy’, US 2019/0338368 A1). M.C., J.A.G., P.G.-A., C.J.-C. and J.R.-M. declare full-time employment at MEDSIR. M.V.-B. declares honoraria (Daichii Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline and AstraZeneca); consulting/advisory role (Daichii Sankyo and AstraZeneca); speakers’ bureau (Novartis); and travel, accommodations and expenses (AstraZeneca). F.O. declares honoraria (Merck Sharp & Dohme); consulting/advisory role (Merck Sharp & Dohme); and travel, accommodation and expenses (Incyte Biosciences Austria). M.M. declares consulting/advisory role (Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer and Gilead); speakers’ bureau (Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer and Gilead); research funding (Daiichi Sankyo); and travel, accommodations and expenses (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead, Novartis, Lilly and Daiichi Sankyo). A.-S.B. declares research support (Daiichi Sankyo and Roche); honoraria for lectures, consultation or advisory board participation (Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, CeCaVa, Seagen, Alexion and Servier); and travel support (Roche, Amgen and AbbVie). J.F. declares consulting/advisory role (Seagen and Novartis) and speakers’ bureau (Seagen and Sanova). T.F. declares honoraria (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Roche, Sanofi, Merck, BI, Janssen, Lilly, Invios, Takeda, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer); consulting/advisory role (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Roche, Sanofi, Merck, BI, Janssen, Lilly, Invios, Takeda, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline, BeiGene and Daiichi Sankyo); research funding (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Roche, Sanofi, Merck, BI, Janssen, Lilly, Invios, Takeda, Amgen, GlaxoSmithKline and Nanobiotix); and travel, accommodations and expenses (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merck and Roche). R.B. declares honoraria (AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai and Lilly); consulting/advisory role (AstraZeneca, Daichi Sankyo, Eisai and Lilly); research funding (Daiichi Sankyo); and travel, accommodations and expenses (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis and Pfizer). J.G., J.J.G.-M., M.A. and M.R.-B. declare no conflicts of interest.