Document is current

Article History

First Online: 5 June 2025

Change Date: 16 June 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In the version of the article initially published, Larry Holden’s affiliation was incorrect and has now been amended to “Global Liver Institute, Washington, DC, USA” in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Competing interests

: No funding was received for this work. Outside of this work, authors report the following: J.V.L. acknowledges grants to ISGlobal from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Roche Diagnostics; consulting fees from Echosens, GSK, Novavax, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Prosciento; and payment or honoraria for lectures from AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Pfizer. S.P. has received grants and/or research support from Amgen, Lilly and Novo Nordisk; speaker fees from Novo Nordisk, Lilly and Vivus; and advisory fees from Novo Nordisk and Lilly. P.N.B. has received educational honoraria and support from Takeda and Novo Nordisk; and consultancy fees from Resolution Therapeutics and Novo Nordisk. P. Jepsen acknowledges grants to his institution from the Novo Nordisk Foundation. C.T. has received speaker fees from Gilead Sciences. P.C.M. acknowledges core funding from the Francis Crick Institute (ref. CC2223) and University College London NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), and previous receipt of funding from GSK for a doctoral student. C.A.P. reports consultancy fees from Roche Diagnostics. J.G. has received research grants from AbbVie, Biolytical, Cepheid, Gilead and Hologic; and honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Cepheid, Gilead and Roche. J.V. acknowledges consulting fees from Roche and AstraZeneca; payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca and Eisai; and participation on a data safety monitoring or advisory board for AstraZeneca. H.H.’s institutions have received research funding from AstraZeneca, Echosens, Gilead, Intercept, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Pfizer; he has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers-Squibb, MSD and Novo Nordisk, and has been part of hepatic event adjudication committees for Arrowhead, Boehringer Ingelheim, KOWA and GW Pharma. M.R. declares fees for advisory board participation and lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Echosens, Eli Lilly, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Target RWE and Synergy. M.B. has received grants from Medscape Education, Regeneron, World Wide Clinical Trials and Madrigal Pharmaceuticals. The Fatty Liver Alliance has received grants from Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron, Boehringer Ingelheim, Perspectum, Aegle Medical, Evidera, Medscape, Echosens and Siemens-Healthineers. A.M.A. reports research funding to her institution from the National Institutes of Health, Novo Nordisk, Siemens, Escopics, Oncoustics and Target Pharma; and consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Prosciento and GSK. N.A. has received grant and/or research support from 89bio, Akero Therapeutics, Arbutus Biopharma, AstraZeneca, BioAge, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Corcept Therapeutics, CymaBay Therapeutics, DSM, Galectin Therapeutics, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead Sciences, Healio, Hepagene Therapeutics, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inventiva Pharma, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Lilly, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Merck, NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Noom, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer, PharmaIN, Poxel, Viking Therapeutics and Zydus Pharmaceuticals; reports speaker’s fees from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals and Perspectum; and reports consulting for 89bio, Akero, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Fibronostics, Gilead Sciences, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, NorthSea Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer and Zydus Pharmaceuticals. J.M.S. declares consultant honoraria from Akero, Alentis, Alexion, Altimmune, AstraZeneca, 89Bio, Bionorica, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, GSK, HistoIndex, Ipsen, Inventiva Pharma, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Kríya Therapeutics, Lilly, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Nordic Bioscience, Northsea Therapeutics, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Siemens Healthineers, Summit Clinical and Vantage Biosciences Research; speaker honoraria from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead Sciences, Ipsen, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals and Worldwide Clinical Trials; and stockholder options from Hepta Bio. D.M. has received advisory board and/or speaker fees from AB-Biotics, Abbott, Almirall, Amarna, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Ferrer, Gilead, Lilly, Medtronic, Menarini, MSD, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. M.E.R. has received consulting fees from Akero, 89Bio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Cytodyn, Sonic Incytes, Sagimet, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals and GSK. E.A.T. has participated in advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals and Siemens; and has been a speaker for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Novo Nordisk, Echosens, Dr Falk and Boehringer Ingelheim. M.N. has served on advisory boards for Gilead and AbbVie. K.C. has received research support to the University of Florida as principal investigator from Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Inventiva, LabCorp and Perspectum; and served as a consultant for Arrowhead, 89Bio, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Echosens, Eli Lilly & Co, GSK, MGGM, Novo Nordisk, Sagimet Biosciences, Terns Pharmaceuticals and Zealand Pharma. W.A. acknowledges grants or contracts to Queen Mary University of London from GSK, MSD and Gilead; consulting fees from GSK, Novo Nordisk, Concusio, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, UCB, Gilead and Echosens; participation on an advisory board for GSK and Madrigal Pharmaceuticals; and stock or stock options from Metadeq. G.F. acknowledges grants to her institution from the Spanish Institute of Health ISCIII (Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-FEDER Subdirección General de Evaluación and Fondos FEDER (ref. PI22/00745)) and the CIBEROBN Spanish Health Institute Carlos III, Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness (ref. CB06/03/1014); payment of honoraria from Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron and the Marabou Foundation as a member of advisory boards; and payment of honoraria for lectures from Novo Nordisk, as member of the OPEN Spain Initiative, and Lilly and Novo Nordisk. H.L. has received speaker honoraria from Novo Nordisk and Lilly; and research funding from Novo Nordisk, Lilly and Structure Therapeutics. P. Jaisinghani acknowledges speaker fees from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk. D.I.W., M.I.M., A.K.A., T.M.W., K.H.R., S.I., R.T.R., J.W., L.A.D., E.P., A.D., F.K., G.S., S.Z.-S., L.H. and M.V.-R. declare no competing interests.