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Article History

First Online: 2 October 2025

Competing interests

: B.M. has received speaker and/or advisory fees from Novo Nordisk, Eli-Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, MSD and a research grant from Novo Nordisk; and is a shareholder of Reset Health. A.C. has received speaking fees from Astra Zeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli-Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Menarini; research grants from Eli Lilly, NovoNordisk and Menarini; and is a member of the data monitoring committee of Boehringer Ingelheim. J.L.B. has received a consulting fee and is an advisory board member for Novo Nordisk A/S with fees paid to her institution. L.B. has received payment of honoraria from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Bruno Farmaceutici, Regeneron, Rythm Pharmaceuticals and Pronokal as speaker and/or member of advisory boards. D.D. has received speaker and advisory board fees from Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli-Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Astra Zeneca and research grants from Eli Lilly, NovoNordisk and Boehringer Ingelheim. G.F. has received payment of honoraria from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Regeneron and Astra Zeneca as speaker and/or member of advisory boards, and payment of honoraria as member of the OPEN Spain Initiative. G.G. has no conflicts of interest to declare. B.M.-T. has received grants from the EASO New Clinical Investigator Award 2024 and the EFSD Rising Star 2024, both supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Matteo Monami has received speaking fees from Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli-Lilly, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Novartis and research grants from Bristol Myers Squibb. P.S. received payment of honoraria and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Roche as a member of advisory boards. E.W. has no conflicts of interest to declare. V.Y. was engaged in advisory boards and lectures with Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly, Rhythm and Regeneron.