Ong, Jasmine Chiat Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6916-5960
Ning, Yilin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-4472
Collins, Gary S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-2316
Bitterman, Danielle S.
Beecy, Ashley N.
Chang, Robert T.
Denniston, Alastair K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-0087
Freyer, Oscar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-2492
Gilbert, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1997-1689
de Hond, Anne
Leeuwenberg, Artuur M.
Zhao, Liang
Lim, John C. W.
Liu, Mingxuan
Liu, Xiaoxuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-0038
Longhurst, Christopher A.
Ma, Yian
Qiu, Yue
Sarkar, Rupa
Sheng, Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8510-2556
Singh, Kuldev
Tan, Iris Siu Kwan
Tham, Yih Chung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6752-797X
Thirunavukarasu, Arun J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-4768
Ting, Daniel Shu Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-7174
Vogel, Silke
Zhang, Rui
Zhao, Jianfei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-6804
Chapman, Wendy W.
Shah, Nigam H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-7158
Moons, Karel G. M.
Wong, Tien Yin
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Singapore
NIH, American Cancer Society and American Society for Radiation Oncology
European Union and German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Article History
First Online: 30 June 2025
Competing interests
: O.F. has a leadership role and holds stock in WhalesDontFly GmbH and has had consulting relationships with Prova Health Ltd; S.G. is an advisory group member of the Ernst & Young-coordinated ‘Study on Regulatory Governance and Innovation in the field of Medical Devices’ conducted on behalf of the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission. S.G. has or has had consulting relationships with Una Health GmbH, Lindus Health Ltd, Flo Ltd, Thymia Ltd, FORUM Institut für Management GmbH, High-Tech Gründerfonds Management GmbH, and Ada Health GmbH, and he holds share options in Ada Health GmbH; D.S.B. is an associate editor of Radiation Oncology, HemOnc.org (no financial compensation), associate editor at JCO Clinical Cancer Information, performs advisory and consulting work (unrelated to this paper) at MercurialAI. All other authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest.