Jering, Karola S.
Fontana, Marianna
Lairez, Olivier
Longhi, Simone
Azevedo, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6784-3403
Morbach, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-6094
Bender, Shaun
Jay, Patrick Y.
Vest, John
Bulwer, Bernard E.
Prasad, Narayana
Solomon, Scott D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-9597
Skali, Hicham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5629-4138
Article History
Received: 3 February 2025
Accepted: 10 June 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Competing interests
: K.J. reports speaker fees from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. M.F. reports consultancy/advisory boards for Alexion/Caelum Biosciences, Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Attralus, Bayer, BridgeBio/Eidos, Cardior, Intellia Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Lexeo Therapeutics, Mycardium, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Prothena; research grants from Alnylam, AstraZeneca, BridgeBio, and Pfizer; salary from the British Heart Foundation Intermediate Fellowship; share options in Lexeo Therapeutics; and shares in Mycardium. O.L. reports consultancy/advisory boards for Alnylam, Amicus Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Neurimmune and Pfizer. O.A. serves on advisory boards for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; speaker fees for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer; congress activities for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca and Pfizer; and clinical trial investigator for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca and Novo Nordisk. C.M. reports research cooperation with the University of Würzburg and Tomtec Imaging Systems funded by a research grant from the Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs, Regional Development and Energy, Germany; advisory and speakers honoraria as well as travel grants from Amgen, Tomtec, Alnylam, Sobi, Alexion, Janssen, Pfizer and EBR Systems; principal investigator in trials sponsored by Alnylam, AstraZeneca and Bayer. S.B., P.Y.J. and J.V. are employees of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and report ownership of equity in Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. S.D.S. reports research grants from Alexion, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Applied Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bellerophon, BMS, Boston Scientific, Cytokinetics, Edgewise, Eidos/Bridgebio, Gossamer, GSK, Ionis, Lilly, NIH/NHLBI, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, Tenaya, Theracos, and Us2.ai; and has consulted for Abbott, Action, Akros, Alexion, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, American Regent, Amgen, Anacardio, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Cardior, Cardurion, CellProThera, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Dinaqor, GSK, Lexicon, Lilly, Moderna, Novartis, Quantum Genomics, Roche, Sanofi Pasteur, Sarepta, Tenaya, Theracos, Tremeau and Valo. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.