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Article History

Received: 29 January 2025

Accepted: 25 July 2025

First Online: 5 September 2025

Competing interests

: A.C.-H., L.N.-P., A.M.T., M.G., Y.P.G., Y.C., R.H., K.C., W.F., C. Syltevik, D.B. and H.S. are employees of Prilenia Therapeutics B.V. and have stock options in the company. A.F. received grant support from Prilenia through NYU for his role as Principal Investigator for North American study sites. E.K. received grant support from Prilenia through the Huntington Study Group® for her role as PROOF-HD global study director. M.M. was a paid consultant for Prilenia Therapeutics. A.E.R. served as European co-lead for the PROOF-HD study. S.K.K. is the medical director of the Huntington Disease Society of America Center of Excellence at The Ohio State University, serves as the co-chair of the Huntington Study Group Executive Membership Committee and served as the North American co-Principal Investigator of the PROOF-HD trial. F.S. is co-founder and CSO of Fondazione LIRH (Lega Italiana Ricerca Huntington), a private Huntington’s disease-focused clinical research and care organization in Rome, Italy. He leads the Huntington Unit at Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, a private research hospital. He has served on advisory boards, provided consultancy and coordinated Italian sites for the PROOF-HD, PRIDE-HD and MermaiHD studies evaluating pridopidine. C. Saft declares no conflicts of interest related to this study. M.R.H. is the CEO and scientific co-founder of Prilenia Neurotherapeutics B.V. He is also a physician scientist and University Killam Professor at the University of British Columbia. M.R.H. serves on the board of directors for Ionis Pharmaceuticals (San Diego), 89Bio (San Francisco) and AbCellera (Vancouver). R.R. is the founding director and owner of the George-Huntington-Institute (GHI), a private research institute focused on clinical and preclinical research in Huntington’s disease, and QuantiMedis, a clinical research organization providing Q-Motor (quantitative motor) services in clinical trials and research. He has provided consulting services, served on advisory boards, contributed to clinical trial operations and performed quantitative motor analyses for Prilenia. He was also the Principal Investigator for the European Sites for the PROOF-HD study, and the European coordinating investigator for the PRIDE-HD study evaluating pridopidine. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.