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Singh, Bharat B.
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Ahmed, Mona M.
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McDaniel, Lauren K.
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Johnson, Sarah B.
Dimitriou, Florentia
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Oberai, Shivangi
Zal, M. Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1015-3954
Doss, Phoebe
Jamal, Mohamed A.
Hayase, Eiko
Wathoo, Chetna
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Jenkins, Stephanie L. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9194-0205
Nass, Sara
Gumin, Joy
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Yang, Jing
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Bekal, Mahesh Prasad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6329-0477
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Pichardo-Rojas, Pavel S.
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Wargo, Jennifer A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3438-7576
Article History
Received: 2 January 2025
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Competing interests
: R.R.J. serves as a consultant and provides expert testimony for MaaT Pharma and Postbiotics Plus and receives patent license fees from Seres Therapeutics and stock options from Seres Therapeutics and Postbiotics Plus. Unrelated to this work, P.K.B. has received consultant fees from Atavistik, Advise Connect Inspire, AngioChem, Axiom Healthcare Strategies, CraniUS, Dantari, ElevateBio, Eli Lilly, Genentech, InCephalo Therapeutics, Kazia, Merck, MPM Capital, Pfizer, Sintetica, SK Life Science, Tesaro and Voyager Therapeutics; equity from Selectin Therapeutics; speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Genentech, Medscape and Merck; and institutional research funding (to Massachusetts General Hospital) from Eli Lilly, Kinnate Biopharma, Merck and Mirati. M.A.D. has been a consultant to Roche/Genentech, Array, Pfizer, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Aventis, Vaccinex, Apexigen, Eisai, Iovance, Merck and ABM Therapeutics, and he has been the principal investigator of research grants to MD Anderson by Roche/Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck, Myriad, Oncothyreon, Pfizer, ABM Therapeutics and LEAD Pharma. N.T. is founder and holder of equity in BrainDynamics, Inc. and also holds an equity position in Nervonik. V.K.P. served as an advisory board member and received honoraria from Orbus Therapeutics, Insightec, Novocure, Boehringer Ingelheim, Telix Pharma, Tango Pharmaceuticals, Bayer and Servier; received research support from Bexion, Karyopharm, Remedy Plan Therapeutics, Radiomedix, Merck and Servier; and holds equity in Gilead. J.A.W. reports compensation for speaker’s bureau and honoraria from PeerView and serves as a consultant and/or advisory board member for Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Bayer Therapeutics, James Cancer Center OSU and Daiichi Sankyo. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.