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Article History

Received: 1 May 2025

Accepted: 15 August 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Competing interests

: G.A. reports consulting/advisory roles with Amgen, AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Blue Earth Therapeutics, Janssen-Cilag, Merck & Co, Merck Sorono Ltd., Novartis, Pfizer and Veracyte; honoraria from Astellas Pharma, Janssen and Janssen (for an immediate family member); speaker’s bureau with AstraZeneca, Astellas Pharma, Janssen, Sanofi and Sandoz; grants/research funding from Astellas Pharma, Blue Earth Therapeutics, Janssen and Novartis; travel, accommodations and expenses from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, Astellas Pharma (for an immediate family member), Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb (for an immediate family member), Janssen, Janssen (for an immediate family member), Merck Sorono Ltd. and Pfizer; and patents, royalties or other intellectual property as on the Institute of Cancer Research discoverers’ list of abiraterone acetate. N.A. reports institutional grant/research funding from Amgen, Arvinas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Celldex, CRISPR Therapeutics, Eisai, Exelixis, Genentech, Gilead Sciences, Immunomedics, Janssen, Merck, Lilly, Nektar, ORIC Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer and travel reimbursement from Exelixis and Pfizer. J.N.G. reports research funding from Curium Pharma, Janssen Oncology and Merck and patents, royalties or other intellectual property from OncoResponse: exceptional responders. S.S. reports consulting/advisory roles with AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, Janssen, AdvanCell and Skyline Diagnostics; honoraria to the institution from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck, Merck Serono, Novartis, AdvanCell and Skyline Diagnostics; institutional research funding from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Endocyte/Advanced Accelerator Applications, Genentech/Roche, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and Senhwa Biosciences; and stock ownership in AdvanCell. E.E. reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Myovant Sciences, Pfizer and Sumitomo; consulting/advisory roles with Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Pfizer and Tolmar; and research funding from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Merck and Pfizer. M.Ö. reports consulting/advisory roles with Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca and MSD Oncology; honoraria from Astellas Pharma, Janssen Oncology and Novartis; and speaker’s bureau role and travel expenses from AstraZeneca. A.G. reports consulting/advisory roles with Bayer and Janssen Oncology; speaker’s bureau roles with Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer and Janssen Oncology; honoraria from Adium Pharma, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer and Janssen Oncology; research funding from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen Oncology, MSD Oncology and Roche; and travel expenses from Janssen Oncology. K.V. reports consulting/advisory roles with Adium Pharma, AstraZeneca and Roche/Genentech; speaker’s bureau roles with AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb Brazil, GlaxoSmithKline, Knight Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech and Servier; institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol Myers Squibb Brazil, Gilead Sciences, Incyte, Janssen Oncology, Lilly, MSD Oncology, Roche/Genentech, Seagen and Servier; and travel expenses from AstraZeneca, MSD Oncology and Roche/Genentech. H.L. has no conflicts of interest to report. G.T.G. reports consulting/advisory roles with Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Ferring, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and Tolmar; honoraria from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, Merck and Tolmar; and travel expenses from Janssen and Pfizer. H.H.C. reports a consulting/advisory role with Janssen Oncology; institutional research funding from Clovis Oncology, Janssen, Promontory Therapeutics and Sanofi; and royalties from UpToDate. W.K., C.R.V., D.S., K.K., S.L., B.B., F.S., S.D.M. and S.A.M. are employees of Johnson & Johnson with stock ownership. D.O. reports consulting/advisory roles with AstraZeneca, Bayer, Janssen, MSD Oncology and Pfizer; honoraria from Bayer and Janssen; institutional research funding from Johnson & Johnson/Janssen and Pfizer; travel expenses from AstraZeneca Spain, Bayer and Janssen; and stock ownership in VDG Diagnostics. K.N.C. reports consulting/advisory roles with Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS GmbH & Co. KG, Janssen, Merck, POINT Biopharma and Roche; honoraria from Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS GmbH & Co. KG, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, POINT Biopharma, Roche and Pfizer; and institutional research funding from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, ESSA, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche. D.E.R. reports consulting/advisory roles with Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Curium, Genentech, Janssen, Myovant Sciences, Novartis and Promontory Therapeutics and institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Genentech/Roche, Janssen Oncology, Novartis and Promontory Therapeutics.