Polisky, Vitaly
Littmann, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-8163
Triastcyn, Aleksei
Horn, Max
Georgiou, Andreas
Widenmaier, Robyn
Anspach, Bruno
Tahrat, Halima
Kumar, Sanjay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-3718
Buser-Doepner, Carolyn
Geldsetzer, Pascal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8878-5505
Van Duijn, Cornelia M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-9204
Schwab, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2868-7794
Article History
Received: 6 March 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Competing interests
: V.P., M.L., A.T., M.H., A.G., R.W., B.A., H.T., S.K., C.B.-D. and P.S. are, or were (for M.H. and R.W.), employees of GSK at the time the study was designed, initiated and/or conducted. V.P., M.L., A.T., M.H., R.W., B.A., H.T., S.K., C.B.-D. and P.S. hold financial equities in GSK. P.G. serves on the GSK advisory board, ‘Herpes zoster and dementia’. C.M.v.D. received support from Novo Nordisk, Biobank, Nightingale for Research, Alzheimer Nederland, ZonMw, Deltaplan Dementie, GSK, Innovative Medicine Initiative ADAPTED program and Center of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicines. The other authors declare no competing interests.