Gao, Xueying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-5378
Zhao, Shigang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-9220
Du, Yanzhi
Yang, Ziyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-5598
Tian, Ye
Zhao, Junli
Yuan, Xi
Santos, Betania R.
Wei, Daimin
Cui, Linlin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7659-9169
Yan, Junhao
Qin, Yingying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0319-7799
Shi, Yuhua
Tang, Rong
Sun, Yun
Hu, Jingmei
Ding, Lingling
Song, Xueru
Ha, Lingxia
Li, Jingyu
,
Zhou, Lin
Ou, Xiang-Hong
Bian, Yuehong
Wang, Qiang
Zhao, Yue
Liang, Xiaoyan
Liu, Jiayin
Ma, Xiang
Li, Xiaoying
Gu, Zhuowei
Li, Yanping
Li, Jingjie
Xia, Mingfeng
Wang, Shixuan
Li, Yan
Qian, Yuli
Ma, Jun
He, Feng
Gao, Shanshan
Liu, Xin
Li, Shumin
Jiang, Yonghui
Liu, Yue
Zhang, Yuqing
Zhang, Xin
Tian, Yu
Zhang, Chuanxin
Zhang, Honghui
Zhao, Shuai
Zhao, Hui
Zhang, Heping https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-4076
Spritzer, Poli Mara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6734-7688
Yildiz, Bulent O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1797-7662
Stener-Victorin, Elisabet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3424-1502
Yong, Eu-Leong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-770X
Ou, Xiang-Hong
Legro, Richard S.
Zhao, Han https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9515-7534
Chen, Zi-Jiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6637-6631
Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Competing interests
: R.S.L. reports receiving grants or contracts from the NIH, Guerbet and the Pennsylvania Department of Health; consulting fees from Monsanto, Organon, Celmatix, Covis Pharma GmbH and Novo Nordisk; payment or honoraria from Shandong University as the honorary professor, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction as the member of the steering committee, and International Advisory Panel as the member; membership on the Medical–Scientific Advisory Board for PCOS Challenge, and the Investment Subcommittee of Endocrine Society; editorial roles as Editorial Editor for Fertility and Sterility and Associate Editor for Global Reproductive Health ; stock ownership in Biodesix; participation in the NIH Loan Repayment Program. E.S.-V. reports serving as the Chief Scientific Officer for the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society (unpaid), outside the submitted work. The classification model method in this paper is currently undergoing a patent application process (applying number: 2023102506962). All other authors declare no competing interests.