Nair, Nayana P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-7338
Reddy, Samarasimha N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-1200
Giri, Sidhartha
Thiyagarajan, Varunkumar
Muliyil, Jayaprakash
Hemavathy, Priya
Khakha, Shainey Alokit
Arora, Rashmi
Gupte, Mohan D.
Tate, Jaqueline E.
Parashar, Umesh D.
Mohan, Venkata Raghava https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5787-7223
Kang, Gagandeep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-564X
,
Bidari, Sunita
Senthamizh, Sowmiya
Mekala, Suhasini
Rama Devi, GV
Rama Prasad, GS
Goru, Krishna Babu
Manikyamba, J.
Reddy, J. Bhaskar
Pamu, Padmalatha
Kameswari, K.
Prasad, Gorthi Rajendra
Badur, Manohar
Gathwala, Geeta
Dalal, Poonam
Chawla, Suraj
Goel, Anil Kumar
Rawal, Manoj
Raikwar, Preeti
Gupta, Madhu
Bansal, Adarsh
Kanojia, Ravi P.
Bansal, Arun
Sodhi, Kushaljit Singh
Saxena, Akshay
Muralidharan, Jayashree
Singh, Mini P.
Bharti, Bhavneet
Kumar, Rajesh
Kaushik, Shayam
Kumar, Pancham
Chaudhary, Sanjeev
Sharma, Jyoti
Pradhan, Subal Kumar
Satpathy, Saroj Kumar
Dash, Mrutunjay
Choudhury, Jasashree
Kumar Prusty, J. Bikrant
Mohanty, Mamata Devi
Mohakud, Nirmal Kumar
Nayak, Manas Kumar
Mohanty, Subrant Kumar
Ray, Rajib Kumar
Mohanty, Prasantajyoti
Majhi, Subrat Kumar
Mahapatro, Samarendra
Patnaik, Rashmi
Mansingh, Asit
Mathew, Mannancheril Abraham
Jain, Hemant
Chaudhary, Prachi
Gupta, Raj Kumar
Malhotra, Bharti
Goyal, Alok Kumar
Vajpayee, Shailja
Sharma, Pramod
Katewa, Vikas
Kothari, Sunil
Prakash, Prabhu
Rajpurohit, Dalpat
Goyal, Suresh
Jain, Bhupesh
Chase, Asolie
George, Koshy C.
Lamichhane, Shakti
Koirala, Amrit
Goswami, Jayanta Kumar
Sundaram, Balasubramanian
Amperayani, Sumanth
Subramanian, Senthilnathan
Purusothaman, Girish Kumar Chethrapilly
Dorairaj, Priyadharishini
Naaraayan, Sridevi A.
Pitchumani, Ramasubramaniam
Murugiah, Kulandaivel
Verma, Sanjeev Kumar
Vashishtha, Vipin M.
Gupta, Vineeta
Rao, Sunil Kumar
Mittal, Mahima
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1165083)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (MOA#871-15SC)
Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Accepted: 4 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Competing interests
: N.P.N. is the recipient of a fellowship from the Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi. G.K. is now an employee of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The other authors declare no competing interests. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The funders had no role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing of the report, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. The corresponding author had full access to all the data from the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. No authors were affiliated with Bharat Biotech.