Chakaroun, Rima M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-1815
Pradhan, Meenakshi
Björnson, Elias
Arvidsson, Daniel
Fridolfsson, Jonatan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7003-4025
Gummesson, Anders https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-960X
Schoeler, Marc
Mitteregger, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-6415
Smith, Gustav J.
Larsson, Ingrid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3670-0861
Börjesson, Mats
Blüher, Matthias
Uhlén, Mathias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-8056
Stumvoll, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-8240
Bergström, Göran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-5722
Tremaroli, Valentina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9150-4233
Bäckhed, Fredrik https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4871-8818
Funding for this research was provided by:
Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (2017.0026)
Diabetesfonden (2017.0026)
Hjärt-Lungfonden (20210366)
Hjärt-Lungfonden (20240882)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF15OC0016798)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF21OC0070298)
Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF24OC0092455)
Fondation Leducq (17CVD01)
Fondation Leducq (ERC-2022-ADG 101096705)
Vetenskapsrådet (2019-01599)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC3105/1)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC3105/1)
Article History
Received: 18 January 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Competing interests
: F.B. is a co-founder and shareholder in Implexion Pharma AB and Roxbiosens, Inc.; is on the scientific advisory board of Bactolife A/S; and receives research funding from BioGaia AB and Novo Nordisk A/S. M. Blüher received honoraria as a consultant and speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Sanofi. M. Börjesson received honoraria as a consultant and speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Sanofi. V.T. is a shareholder in Roxbiosens, Inc. The other authors declare no competing interests.