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Authors
Abdelhak, Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-4169
Cerono, Gabriel
Sheikhzadeh, Fahime
Harroud, Adil
Ning, Kiarra https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4433-4087
Zamecnik, Colin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9477-1388
Sowa, Gavin M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-8116
Boscardin, John https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-9526
Cordano, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1413-0442
Tubati, Asritha
Fouassier, Camille
Chow, Eric D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-918X
Gomez, Refujia
Santaniello, Adam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-5932
Zorn, Kelsey C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1227-2137
Hollenbach, Jill A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-7962
Oksenberg, Jorge R.
Cree, Bruce A. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-2533
Hauser, Stephen L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-4001
Chan, Jonah R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2176-1242
Baranzini, Sergio E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-194X
Wallin, Mitchell T. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-5714
Wilson, Michael R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-5084
Green, Ari J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Defense (HT94252310499)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
Valhalla Foundation, Westridge Foundation, Water Cove Charitable Foundation
Valhalla Foundation, Westridge Foundation
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Article History
Received: 2 March 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 20 October 2025
Competing interests
: A preliminary patent application has been filed for a new method to diagnose presymptomatic multiple sclerosis using protein biomarker panel, as described in this study. The patent application number is 63/750,666, filed on 28 January 2025. A.A. received consultation/speaker fees from Roche, OctaveBio, EMD Serono and Sanofi. F.S. reports a relationship with F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. that includes employment and equity or stocks. E.D.C. is a founder of Survey Genomics. A.J.G. reports research support and grants from NINDS R01 NS105741 R01AG062562 R01AG038791, NMSS RG-1707-28564, All May See, Westridge Foundation, JAMA Neurology, Roche, Pipeline Pharmaceuticals and Cognito Therapeutics. A.J.G. is also an associate editor for JAMA Neurology. S.L.H. currently serves on the scientific advisory boards of Accure, Alector, Annexon and Hinge Bio; previously consulted for BD, Gilead, Moderna, NGM Bio, Nurix Therapeutics and Pheno Therapeutics; previously served on the Board of Directors of Neurona and currently serves as an advisor. S.L.H. also has received nonfinancial support (travel reimbursement and writing support for anti-CD20-therapy-related meetings and presentations) from F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Novartis AG; and has received no personal compensation from any entity that sells or tests therapeutics for MS. The other authors declare no competing interests.
