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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 26 September 2025

First Online: 19 October 2025

Competing interests

: T.A.Y. is an employee of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, where he is Vice President, Head of Clinical Development, in the Therapeutics Discovery Division, which has a commercial interest in DDR and other inhibitors (IACS30380/ART0380 was licensed to Artios); has received funding paid to his institution from Acrivon, Artios, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BioNTech, Blueprint, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boundless Bio, Clovis, Constellation, Cyteir, Eli Lilly, EMD Serono, Forbius, F-Star, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Haihe, Ideaya ImmuneSensor, Insilico Medicine, Ionis, Ipsen, Jounce, Karyopharm, KSQ, Kyowa, Merck, Mirati, Novartis, Pfizer, Ribon Therapeutics, Regeneron, Repare, Rubius, Sanofi, Scholar Rock, Seattle Genetics, Tango, Tesaro, Vivace Therapeutics and Zenith; has received consultancy funding from AbbVie, Acrivon, Adagene, Almac, Aduro, Amphista, Artios, Astex, AstraZeneca, Athena, Atrin, Avenzo, Avoro, Axiom, Baptist Health Systems, Bayer, BeiGene, BioCity Pharma, Blueprint, Boxer, Bristol Myers Squibb, C4 Therapeutics, Calithera, Cancer Research UK, Carrick Therapeutics, Circle Pharma, Clovis, Cybrexa, Daiichi-Sankyo, Dark Blue Therapeutics, Diffusion, Duke Street Bio, 858 Therapeutics, EcoR1 Capital, Ellipses Pharma, EMD Serono, Entos, F-Star, Genesis Therapeutics, Genmab, Glenmark, GLG, Globe Life Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Guidepoint, Ideaya Biosciences, Idience, Ignyta, I-Mab, ImmuneSensor, Impact Therapeutics, Institut Gustave Roussy, Intellisphere, Jansen, Kyn, MEI Pharma, Mereo, Merck, Merit, Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Natera, Nested Therapeutics, Nexys, Nimbus, Novocure, Odyssey, OHSU, OncoSec, Ono Pharma, Onxeo, PanAngium Therapeutics, Pegascy, Physiciansʼ Education Resource, Pfizer, Piper-Sandler, Pliant Therapeutics, Prolynx, Radiopharma Theranostics, Repare, resTORbio, Roche, Ryvu Therapeutics, SAKK, Sanofi, Schrodinger, Servier, Synnovation, Synthis Therapeutics, Tango, TCG Crossover, TD2, Terremoto Biosciences, Tessellate Bio, Theragnostics, Terns Pharmaceuticals, Tolremo, Tome, Thryv Therapeutics, Trevarx Biomedical, Varian, Veeva, Versant, Vibliome, Voronoi, Xinthera, Zai Labs and ZielBio; and is a stockholder in Seagen. He was supported by National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant CA016672 to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; US Department of Defense grants W81XWH2210504_BC211174 and W81XWH-21-1-0282_OC200482; V Foundation Scholar Grant VC2020-001; and National Institutes of Health R01 grant 1R01CA255074. D.J.K. has research contracts with Genentech, AADI and Revolution Medicines and is a consultant to Genentech, AADI, Expertconnect, Guidepoint, Bridgebio, Slingshot Insights, William Blair, MEDACorp and Radyus Research. I.D.-J. has advisory roles with AstraZeneca, Bayer, BostonGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Catalyst, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Janssen, Merus, Novocure, Pfizer, Sanofi/Genzyme and Thermo Fisher Scientific and has received research funding from Array, BostonGene, Genentech, Novartis and Pfizer. M.O. has consulting roles with/honoraria from Novartis, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Targeted Oncology, OncLive, the American Society for Radiation Oncology, Servier and Vivace Therapeutics and grant support from the Druckenmiller Foundation, the US Department of Defense and the LUNGevity Foundation. M.O. is also an uncompensated scientific advisory board member for the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation. M.G.Z. has received consulting fees from Vivace Therapeutics, MedImmune, Orion and Roche Diagnostics; honoraria for continuing medical education content from Physiciansʼ Education Resource and HMP Global; and research funding to employer from MedImmune, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Sapience, Werewolf, Vivace Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Epizyme, Polaris and Sellas Life Sciences. M.G.Z. is also Chair, Board of Directors, for the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation (uncompensated). R.K. has no disclosures. J.D. has consulting or advisory roles with BeiGene, Pierre Fabre, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck KGaA, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche/Genentech, Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH, Novartis, Pfizer, Ellipses Pharma, Axelia Oncology, Incyte and Amgen and has received institutional research funding from Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, BeiGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Amgen and Genentech. A.B. has research contracts (payment to institution) with Vivace Therapeutics, PMV Pharmaceuticals, Prelude Therapeutics, BeiGene, Hanmi Pharmaceuticals and Stingray Therapeutics and is an uncompensated advisory board member with Hanmi Pharmaceuticals. M.M. has consulting roles/advisory board for AstraZeneca Australia Pty Ltd., Bayer Australia Pty Ltd., BeiGene Australia Pty Ltd., Bristol Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd., Eli Lilly Australia Pty Ltd., IQVIA Australia Pty Ltd. and The Limbic. A.W.T. has consulting roles with AbbVie, Aclaris Therapeutics, Affinia Therapeutics, Agenus, Asana Biosciences, Ascentage, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Axlmmune, Bayer, Bluprint Oncology, Compugen Ltd., Coretag Therapeutics, Daiichi-Sankyo, Day One Biopharmaceuticals, Exelixis, FibroGen, Gilde Healthcare Partners, HBM Partners, Horizon CME, IDEA Pharma, Ikena Oncology, Immuneering, Immunomet Therapeutics, Impact Therapeutics US, Indupro, Karma Oncology B.V., Kirilys Therapeutics, Lengo Therapeutics, Link Immunotherapeutics, Medicxi, Merck KGA, Mekanistic Therapeutics, Menarini Ricerche, Mersana, Mythic Therapeutics (Cytel), Nanobiotix, Nerviano Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk, Novo Ventures, Nurix Therapeutics, Ocellaris Pharma & Eli Lilly, Partner Therapeutics, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Praxia Precision Medicines, Prelude Therapeutics, Pyramid Biosciences, Qualigen Therapeutics, Roche, RYVU Therapeutics, Seattle Genetics, Singzyme Pte Ltd., SK Life Science, SOTIO Biotechnology, Senti Biosciences, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company (SPARC), Tensegrity Pharma, TheraTechnologies, Transcenta Therapeutics, Transgene, Trillium Therapeutics, Tubulis, Venus Oncology, Verastem Oncology, Vida Ventures Advisors and Voyant Bio (Ask Mendel AI, Inc.). A.W.T. also serves on advisory boards for Adagene, BioInvent, Boeringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Bright Peak Therapeutics, Cullinan Oncology, Curadev Pharma, Elucida Oncology, EMD Serono/Merck KGaA, Hexagon Bio, Immunome, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Kivu, Leerink, Mirati, NBE Therapeutics, Nested Therapeutics, Pheon Therapeutics, PYXIS Oncology, Roche, SPARC, Spirea Limited, Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Vincerx, VRISE Therapeutics, Zentalis Pharmaceuticals and ZielBio. K.P.S.R. has consulting roles with AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Seagen and has received research funding or contracted research from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Daiichi-Sankyo, D3-Bio, Eisai, Genentech, Grail, Guardant Health, Hibercell, Innovent, Janssen, Merck, Seattle Genetics, UCB BioSciences and Xencor. A.T. is a consultant for Vivace Therapeutics. L.P. is the former Chief Scientific Officer for Vivace Therapeutics; has equity in Vivace Therapeutics; and is an advisor for Canaan Partners. F.A.D. is a consultant for Vivace Therapeutics. T.T.T. reports employment and stock incentives with Vivace Therapeutics. Y.L. reports employment and stock incentives with Vivace Therapeutics. N.S. reports employment and stock incentives with Vivace Therapeutics. H.L.K. has consultant/advisory roles with AstraZeneca, Amgen, Enlaza and Vivace Therapeutics.