Zhao, Huangxuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-7528
Bai, Yaowei
Chen, Lei
Ma, Jinqiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-6029
Lei, Yu https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4618-0822
Sun, Tao
Wu, Linxia
Zhang, Ruiheng
Xu, Ziyang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7682-6995
Liang, Xiaoyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-3408
Li, Yi
Huang, Yan
Feng, Yun
Hong, Cheng
Miao, Zhongrong
Long, Lin
Zhu, Haidong
Zheng, Jiahe
Fan, Lin
Fang, Zhuting https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3350-2210
Dong, Peng
Zhang, Lefei
Han, Xiaoyu
Wang, Bin
Liang, Bin
Xia, Xiangwen
Kan, Xuefeng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-4166
Zhu, Chengcheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-549X
Du, Bo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0059-8458
Wang, Xinggang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-7823
Zheng, Chuansheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2435-1417
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472070)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402411)
National Key Research and Development Program of China
Article History
Received: 23 January 2025
Accepted: 3 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Change Date: 29 January 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: In the version of the article initially published, affiliation 1 and 2 were mistakenly swapped around. The present address was also incorrect and should have read “School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430022, China.” These changes have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Competing interests
: X.L. and Y. Li are employees of the Institute of Research and Clinical Innovations, Neusoft Medical Systems. Y.H. serves as Vice President of Neusoft Medical Systems. The other authors declare no competing interests.