Updates are available Correction dated 2026-01-28
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04236-6
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Authors
Abu-Remaileh, Muhannad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4962-3826
Stransky, Laura A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-936X
Bhalerao, Nikita
Shirole, Nitin H.
Jiang, Qinqin
Saad, Eddy
Machaalani, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-9922
Vigeant, Sean M.
Woldemichael, Hilina
Xu, Charles
Lu, Jing
Wei, Hairong
Liu, Zhihong
Sun, William
Enomoto, Kei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-8699
Choueiri, Toni K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9201-3217
Pitarresi, Jason R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-4768
Carr, Steven A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7203-4299
Udeshi, Namrata D.
Kaelin, William G. Jr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0574-4856
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH grant 2R35CA210068)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (5R01-DK133772)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (5R01-AG085308)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24CA270823)
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (P50-CA101942-12)
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (P50-CA101942-12)
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (2P50CA101942-16)
Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (5P30CA006516-56)
Hope Funds for Cancer Research Sakonnet Family Fellowship
the Kohlberg Chair at Harvard Medical School, the Trust Family, Michael Brigham, Pan Mass Challenge, Hinda and Arthur Marcus Fund, and Loker Pinard Funds for Kidney Cancer Research at DFCI
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U01CA271402)
Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Change Date: 28 January 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-026-04236-6
Competing interests
: L.A.S. is a shareholder of Blueprint Medicines. E.S. receives research funding from Genentech/imCORE and Oncohost. J.L., H. Wei, Z.L. and W.S. are employed by NiKang Therapeutics. K.E. is employed by Daiichi Sankyo. T.K.C. reports institutional and/or personal, paid and/or unpaid support for research, advisory boards, consultancy and/or honoraria in the past 5 years (ongoing or not) from Alkermes, Arcus Bio, AstraZeneca, Aravive, Aveo, Bayer, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Bicycle Therapeutics, Calithera, Circle Pharma, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, HiberCell, IQVA, Infinity, Institut Servier, Ipsen, Jansen, Kanaph, Lilly, Merck, NiKang, Neomorph, Nuscan/PrecedeBio, Novartis, Oncohost, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi/Aventis, Scholar Rock, Surface Oncology, Takeda, Tempest, Up-To-Date, and CME and non-CME events (Mashup Media Peerview, OncLive, MJH, CCO and others), outside the submitted work. He has institutional patents filed on molecular alterations and immunotherapy response/toxicity, ctDNA and rare genitourinary cancers, and holds equity in Tempest, Pionyr, Osel, Precede Bio, CureResponse, InnDura Therapeutics, Primium, Abalytics and Faron Pharma. He serves on committees including NCCN, GU Steering Committee, ASCO (BOD 6-2024-), ESMO, ACCRU and KidneyCan. Medical writing and editorial assistance support may have been funded in part by communications companies. He has no speaker’s bureau affiliations and has mentored several non-US citizens on research projects with potential funding (in part) from non-US sources/foreign components. J.R.P. receives research funding from Boehringer-Ingelheim. S.A.C. is a member of the scientific advisory boards of Kymera, PTM BioLabs, Seer and PrognomIQ. W.G.K. Jr has financial interests in Lilly Pharmaceuticals, Fibrogen, Cedilla Therapeutics, Nextech Invest, Tango Therapeutics, Circle Pharma, IconOVir Bio, Casdin Capital and LifeMine Therapeutics. He has received consulting income from Arcus Therapeutics and has a royalty interest in the HIF2 inhibitor belzutifan, which is currently being commercialized by Merck. The other authors declare no competing interests.
